Nov. 7, 1908.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
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ECZEMA AND MANGE. 
At an informal gathering of veterinary prac¬ 
titioners after the National Veterinary Associ¬ 
ation’s meeting at Brighton recently, it was 
asked what proportion of mange to eczema do 
you meet with in horses and dogs. The opinion 
seemed pretty general that in horses there were 
three cases of psoroptic or sarcoptic mange to 
one of the eczema, and that in dogs the num¬ 
bers were reversed. All agreed that mange in 
horses was much less frequent than formerly, 
and that eczema in dogs was ever on the in¬ 
crease, and seemed to bear an intimate rela¬ 
tion to the artificial breeding and treatment ac¬ 
corded to these animals. It seemed to be the 
general experience among “vets,” that the less 
malignant form of mange is very generally mis¬ 
taken for chronic eczema by dog owners who 
treat the diseases of their pets themselves, or 
fail to employ experts, who take much pains to 
examine samples of the cuticle and debris of 
skin where the irritation exists. Unless micro¬ 
scopic examination is made and broken 
psoropts discovered, says the Field, it is not 
possible for even the experienced canine prac¬ 
titioner to say with certainty, this is mange and 
that is eczema. Psoroptic mange affects 
smaller areas than sarcoptic; its invasion is 
slower and the irritation produced seldom so 
severe. Many farm horses show patches of 
mange in the spring or late winter months, and 
a dressing or two of sulphur ointment, or of 
paraffin diluted with seed oil in the proportion 
of one in ten, suffices to destroy these surface 
dwellers. 
Quite another matter is the destruction of the 
sarcopts which burrow and form long galleries 
under the skin, and at the end of these tunnels 
deposits eggs which may easily escape the 
dressings which destroy the mere male dis¬ 
porting himself in the exudations caused by his 
more industrious spouse. To clean a horse in¬ 
fected with sarcoptic mange it is necessary to 
get at these cave dwellers, or make life impos¬ 
sible for them. The cuticular layer may be lifted 
by any strong alkaline preparation such as the 
powdered soaps so much favored by those who 
cannot employ a laundress, or by rubbing in any 
of the common soft soaps which contain an ex¬ 
cess of potash. If used with warm water, and 
a good lather worked up, the successive rinsings 
with water of the temperature of the body will 
leave the parasites in a condition in which they 
cannot defend themselves against an ointment 
of sulphur which may be made more penetrating 
by the addition of one in ten of paraffin, or one 
in fifteen of petrol. No adult, not even the bur¬ 
rowing female, is likely to survive such a dress¬ 
ing, but somehow a few eggs will escape, and 
when the storm has passed will serve to restock 
the host. It is for this reason we should always 
insist on a second dressing in a week or ten 
days in cool weather; in three to five days in 
warm seasons, when we may hope to destroy 
any fresh hatching before sexual maturity and 
reproduction is possible. Re-infestation takes 
place through the use of brushes and other 
stable tools or utensils which have not been sub¬ 
ject to thorough disinfection. Few servants can 
be relied on in such matters, and the owner 
should do the thinking, while seeing that the 
actual labor is carried out properly. It is most 
unsatisfactory to have the whole thing over and 
over again through the neglect of some trifle 
as the mane comb or dandy brush, which has 
been perfunctorily dipped but not soaked in the 
approved fluid. If this recurrence gives rise 
to much trouble and some recrimination between 
master and man where horses are concerned, 
how much more is it the case with dogs ? When 
dressed with mange destroyers the dog patient 
goes back to his kennel with infected bedding, 
or to his mats and rugs if a house pet, where 
fleas, flies, lice, mange mites and other ectozoa 
“lurk privily, as those that seek after blood.” 
No treatment of skin diseases due to parasites 
in the pet dog can be guaranteed unless his 
haunts are also cleared. “You couldn’t have 
washed him properly,” we heard an irate lady 
say to her man; “he is simply swarming with 
fleas again; worse than before, in fact.” Yes, 
this may very well be if the favorite old woolen 
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