1012 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Dec. 26, 1908. 
Cave Dwellings in Arizona. 
San Carlos, Ariz., Dec. 19. — Editor Forest 
and Stream: I say cave dwelling because it 
looked more like that than like a cliff dwelling. 
We were riding over the mesas beyond Hack- 
berry Spring, looking for springs that might be 
developed into water holes for Indian stock. 
I had with me two line riders, one of whom 
was an Apache Indian. The Indian called my 
attention to a covey of white or silver-crested 
quail near by. These were the first I had seen 
or heard of. The California black topknot quail 
fairly swarm on all parts of the reservation, but 
I had not known of any other variety. 
Far off, more than two miles away, bands of 
wild horses were speeding for the breaks and 
cedar gulches. They were as wild as though 
they had never before seen humans. The line 
rider showed me where, between two wide 
breaks with precipitous walls, they held a band 
cement. Only about a foot of the walls re¬ 
mained, the floor being covered with a mass of 
debris and impalpable dust. 
The grass shoes were not in evidence. We 
had nothing to dig with but a pointed stick, but 
I put the Indian to work and he seemed to be 
as interested as I was. Presently he exhumed 
some old discarded shoes, bits of ancient pot¬ 
tery and bones. Now he found a shoe in a 
good state of preservation, but showing wear 
as though it might have been worn a day or two 
before. The marks of the wearer’s foot were 
still on it. Next came a bit of corn husk that 
was fresh as the day it was torn off. 
You will see for yourself, as I send these 
articles with this paper. Evidently this cave 
had never been disturbed since it was abandoned 
by the inhabitants. Pieces of mescal that had 
been chewed were found, also bones and corn¬ 
cobs. 
All of this stuff was dug up a foot under the 
could not be removed. One picture represented 
lightning or a river. The figures were rude and 
evidently represented a family group. 
What became of these people? Human bones 
are found in many of these dwellings. It seems 
to me that necessity and the encroachment of the 
enemy made them cannibals, and thus they dis¬ 
appeared. Luther S. Kelly. 
The Audubon Societies at Boston. 
The National Association of Audubon Socie¬ 
ties will be represented by an exhibit at the 
Sportsmen’s Show of the New England Forest, 
Fish and Game Association, to be held in the 
Mechanics Building in Boston, commencing Dec. 
24, 1908, and closing Jan. 5, 1909. The exhibit 
will be under the charge of Prof. Edward Howe 
Forbush, State Ornithologist, and the New Eng¬ 
land agent for the Audubon Association. One 
Deer bones, corn coirs, sandal of Yucca fibre, pottery. 
of wild mares while a party of Indians scoured 
the country for more. 
We skirted the hills and descended into a 
canon over a heart-breaking trail that led up 
again over a divide to the head of Salt Creek 
which split into numerous gulches. Here, near 
a little spring under a rock wall that sheltered 
us from the sun, on a smooth rock floor we 
spread our lunch, while the tired horses fed on 
the rushes and water grasses. The Indian, point¬ 
ing down the gulch, said that he once found a 
pair of grass (yucca) shoes belonging to the old 
people who lived in caves. 
“What did you do with them,” I asked. “No 
take ’em,” he replied. “Well,” I said, “after 
lunch we will look for them.” 
After lunch I started Elspahy for the cave 
and followed close. It was only about fifty 
yards to the entrance of the cavern which was 
hardly above high water in the gulch. It proved 
to be a natural irregular cavern, about five feet 
in height, the roof blackened with soot which 
had hardened with age and had become a part 
of the rock itself. About the center a room had 
been partitioned off with rock and cement, the 
cement being about as hard as our ordinary 
floor. In what remained of an apartment there 
seemed to be a stone floor, or it might be the 
fallen walls. The Indian prod down into this 
with his stick and found a cache, as he said, but 
I told him not to disturb it, as we might come 
again with tools. 
Now this cave is far removed from the cliff 
dwellings on Ash flat. There they are built into 
the cliffs of the high mountains and almost in¬ 
accessible, while this cave is only twenty-five 
miles from San Carlos. 
But this is not all that we found. Resuming 
our journey up the gulch, we had proceeded only 
one hundred yards, when the quick eye of the 
Indian discerned another cave only a few yards 
away from the creek bed behind some brush. 
This proved to be their working and lounging 
place. It was a deep hollow in the rock, having 
a smooth floor. Here they ground their corn 
in round holes. In a crevice of the roof they 
had driven a wedge of oak that had been torn 
from the root. It was as sound as of yesterday. 
On a panel of the roof pictographs of men 
and women in red pigment were plainly visible. 
With the point of my knife I tested this pig¬ 
ment, but it had become a part of the stone and 
of the particularly interesting features of thil 
exhibit will be a complete outfit of bird boxel 
in imitation of natural nesting sites, and wintel 
bird-feeding paraphernalia as used in German I 
by Count von Berlepsch, and as described in 
booklet, “How to Attract and Protect Will 
Birds,” of which the association is the America: 
selling agent, and a supply of which books wi 
be on exhibition at the show. In this collectio 
of bird-breeding places the designer has fol 
lowed the construction used by the birds wit 
greater accuracy than has ever heretofore bee 
attempted. The exact dimensions and shape o 
the excavations made by the birds are closell 
followed and there is even an attempt made t 
select the sections of such trees as are favore 
by the species sought as tenants. 
The Association at the present time is receh 
ing rather more life members than has hereto 
fore been the case, showing that people ar 
awakening to the immense importance of tb 
work that is being done and are willing to giv 
it their financial support. Life memberships ai 
invested, and only the interest thereon is avai 
able for a working fund. Hence such membe: 
ships constitute an endowment in perpetuity. 
