132 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
IFn IFlursen? IRows. 
There seems to be a growing tendency to ship fruit to Eng¬ 
land. Can you tell me what the cost of transportation is, and 
how apples are sold in the English market. T. R. B. 
The New York State Department of Agriculture recently 
issued a circular upon this subject. It covers the ground so 
well that we quote as follows : Ocean freight charges are 
from New York to Liverpool, two shillings and sixpence, to 
Glasgow, three shillings, English money, per barrel, sometimes 
less and sometimes more,’ according to the quantity of freight 
going over. There is a charge of dock and town dues, etc., 
insurance, and five per cent, commission to be added, that will 
make the cost from 85 cents to $1 per barrel; a little more 
when shipped to London. As soon as steamer arrives, the 
different varieties and marks are sorted, and they are offered 
for sale at auction. At the first day’s sale, they are sold as 
“sound.” They are delivered within twenty-four hours after 
sale, and any barrels in which the apples are loose, called 
“ slack packed,” and those from which the juice is running, 
called “ wet,” are sold at the succeeding sale. Two barrels of 
a mark are taken out of the lot, one is opened to show the 
packing, the other is turned into baskets or into a large box, 
so that all the fruit in the barrel can be seen. Buyers have 
opportunity to inspect these samples and obtain a record of 
the marks before the sale begins. Catalogues being prepared 
for this purpose, each auctioner is given a limited amount of 
time in which to sell his line of goods, and frequently, in 
thirty minutes, over 15,000 barrels of apples are sold. As soon 
as fruit is sold, the prices are cabled over to the American 
agents, by some of the firms, and checks are forwarded to the 
shippers promptly, so that returns are made nearly as quickly 
from foreign markets as from our own. 
When and why were Russian apples introduced in this 
country, and are they desirable ? H. G. R. Co. 
Russian apples were introduced in America because it was 
found that the climate in the Northwest is too cold and too 
dry for the apples of the eastern states. There has been 
much discussion as to their value. In this journal not long 
ago both sides of the controversy were stated by Professor 
Budd and C. L. Watrous, of Iowa. Professor Bailey says : 
“ In 1870 the Department of Agriculture at Washington im¬ 
ported scions of many varieties of apples from Russia ; but 
these did not satisfy many fruit growers of the northern 
states. It was then conceived that the great interior plain of 
Russia should yield apples adapted to the upper Mississippi 
valley, whilst those already imported had come from the sea¬ 
board territory. Accordingly, early in the eighties, Charles 
Gibb, of the Province of Quebec, and Professor Budd, of 
Iowa, went to Russia to introduce the promising fruits of the 
central plain. The result has been a most interesting one to 
the pacific looker-on. There are ardent advocates of the 
Russian varieties, and there are others who see nothing good 
in them. There are those who believe that all progress must 
come by securing seedlings from the hardiest varieties of the 
eastern states ; there are others who would derive everything 
from the Siberian crabs, and still others who believe that the 
final result lies in improving the native crabs. There is no 
end of discussion and cross purposes. In the meantime nature 
is quietly doing the work. Here is a good seedling of some 
old variety ; there is a good one from some Russian ; and now 
and then one from the crab stocks. The new varieties are 
supplanting the old so quietly that few people are aware of it ; 
and by the time the contestants are done disputing, it will be 
found that there are no Russians and no eastern apples, but a 
brood of northwestern apples which have grown out of the 
old confusion. All these new apples are simply seedlings, 
almost all of them chance trees which come up here and there 
wherever man has allowed nature a bit of ground upon which 
to make garden as she likes. In 1892 there were 878 varieties 
of apples offered for sale by American nurserymen, and it is 
doubtful if one in the whole lot was the result of any attempt 
on the part of the originator to produce a variety with definite 
qualities.” 
Surplus Stock:. 
FALL SHIPMENT. SPRING PAYMENT. 
15,000 Brandywine 
50,000 Cuthbert 
25,000 Golden Queen 
10,000 Ilansell 
40,000 Early Harvest, R. 
10,000 Erie, R. C. 
10,000 Eldorado 
5,000 Lovett’s Best 
5,000 Minnewaski 
5,000 Okmer 
RASPBERRIES. 
5,000 Loudon 
5,000 Miller 
10,000 Marlborough 
5,000 R. Church, 
BLACKBERRIES. 
50,000 Turner 
50,000 Thompson 
3,000 Caroline 
5,000 Ohio Transpl’ts 
C. 
25,000 Stone’s Hardy, If. C. 
25,000 Snyder, R. C. 
20,000 Wilson Early 
20,000 Wilson Jr. 
40,000 Lucretia Dewberry 
CURRANTS. 
15,000 N. Star; 10,000 Victoria; 10,000 Red Dutch ; 10,000 Versailles. 
GOOSEBERRIES. 
50,000 Houghton, 2-2. 25,000 Downing, 2-2. 
PRICES ROCK BOTTOM. 
W. N. SCARFF, - - New Carlisle, 0 
L. Box 322. 
i MARIANA PLUM STOCKS 
® 
® 
If you want to grow best Japans use Mariana Stocks. We have more of these 
than all others in America. Also JAPAN PLUMS , all sizes and 
variety. Thousands or car lots. 
HALE GEORGIA ORCHARD COMPANY, - - FORT VALLEY, GEORGIA. 
i 
i 
© 
Apple, 
Peach, 
Standard Pears, 
Plum, 
Apricots, 
Grapes, 
Shade Trees, 
Evergreens, 
Shrubs, 
HEADQUARTERS FOR NURSERY STOCK. 
Baltimore and Richmond Nurseries, 
BALTIMORE, M D. 
FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO. 
Tennessee Natural Peach Pits and selected Smock. 
50 YEARS. 
IOOO ACRES. 
Strawberries, , 
Nut Trees, 
Japan Pear Seedlings, 
Gooseberries, 
Roses, 
Raffia, 
General Supplies, 
&c., &c., 
&c. 
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