Profits Depend On Pasture Yields As Well As Other Crop Yields 
Timothy 
Most extensively used grass, because seed is cheap, yields well 
first two seasons, cures easily, is palatable. While fed mostly to 
horses, it has more merit for dairy cattle, if cut early, than is gen¬ 
erally recognized. See prices page 5. 
COMMON - Northern grown, of the highest quality obtainable. Pur¬ 
ity 99.50% or better. 
CORNELL NO. 1777 TIMOTHY - Best selection out of hundreds 
tested by Cornell Plant Breeders. Very uniform, medium height and 
maturity, very leafy, fine stemmed, retains green color long, rust 
resistant. Yields 25% to 30% more than ordinary timothy — better 
quality. Used also in pasture mixture. Sold out. 
TIMOTHY AND ALSIKE MIXTURE - This natural mixture 
saves a little on seed costs, altho proportions are not best and weed 
content is often high. Our mixture contains 20% or more alsike and 
has low weed content. 
Recommended Hay Seedinqs 
For soil conditions as shown at left, sow the following amounts 
per acre:— 
To cut one year 
Good Mammoth or medium red clover, 10 lbs. 
Mixed Red clover 4 lb., Alsike clover, 6 lb. 
Poor Alsike clover, 8 lb. 
To cut two years or more 
Good Medium red clover 3 lb., Alfalfa 6 lb., Timothy, 6 lb. 
Mixed Medium red clover 3 lb., Alsike clover 4 lb., Timothy 8 lb. 
Poor Alsike clover, 5 lb., Timothy 5 lb., Red top 5 lb. 
To cut three years or more 
Good Alfalfa, without nurse crop, 12 lb., with nurse crop, 15 lb. 
Mixed Alfalfa, 8 lb., Alsike clover 2 lb., Timothy 5 lb. 
Poor Alsike clover 5 lb., Timothy 5 lb., Red top 5 lb. 
Miscellaneous 
KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS - Basis of most good pastures and 
lawns in the Northeastern States. Ability to spread, fine tender 
leaves, palatability and winter hardiness are its strong points. Shallow 
root system and consequent drying up in drouth periods is its weak¬ 
ness. Full production is not reached till the third or fourth year. Re¬ 
quires lime and good drainage. 
CANADA BLUE GRASS - Smaller, less palatable, poorer yielder 
than Kentucky, but grows on more acid, wetter and poorer soils, where 
Kentucky will not grow. 
ORCHARD GRASS - Tall, tufted grass, coarse stems, not so well 
relished by stock. However, it is very early and stands drought well. 
RED TOP - Second important hay grass. Not as salable, not as 
heavy yielder as timothy, but stands wet, acid or poor soils better. 
Produces full crop hay or pasture first year after seeding. 
REED CANARY GRASS - a marshy land crop. Produces large 
yields 3 to 6 tons in two cuttings, palatable, nutritious hay, on low 
overflow lands and marshes too wet for other crops. Makes tough 
sod that will support horses and hay machines where they could not 
be used before. Or, it can be pastured throughout the season and has 
carried 3 or 4 head per acre. Plowing and fitting are desirable, but 
not absolutely necessary. Seed 5 to 7 lbs. broadcast any time, but pre¬ 
ferably late fall or early spring. 
ROUGH STALKED MEADOW GRASS - Produces heavy bot¬ 
tom of fine leaves, relished by stock as pasture or hay. Recommended 
for temporary or permanent pastures and meadows to be cut 3 years 
or more. Seed is small, one to two pounds per acre in mixture. 
SVALOF VICTORIA PERENNIAL RYEGRASS - Bred by 
Swedish Agronomists especially for pasture use and lawns. Makes 
strong sward and produces heavy crop of fine leaves of excellent feed¬ 
ing value. This strain of ryegrass is Cornell’s first choice for use in 
the Cornell Pasture Mixture. Our seed was grown here from import¬ 
ed certified seed. 
JAPANESE MILLET - Best of the Millets. Very satisfactory for 
green feed or hay. Planted after com and up to July 1st, 
it is ready to feed green or cut for hay in eight weeks. It supple¬ 
ments the pasture or the hay supply. Grows well on light soils. 
Sow 15 to 35 lbs. 
HUNGARIAN MILLET - Can be sown later - about July 10th - 
and must be fed with caution - not more than half the roughage. 
Sow 85 to 45 lbs. per acre. 
DWARF ESSEX RAPE - Belongs to cabbage family. Very 
nutritious. Usually grown for green feed for sheep or hogs or cattle, 
in rows and cultivated, or broadcast. Plant 3 to 5 lbs. per acre, from 
May to August. Ready to feed in 8 to 10 weeks. Successive plant¬ 
ings extend the feeding period. Sometimes sown in spring grains and 
pastured in stubble. If not pastured too closely, the plants renew 
themselves. 
SPRING VETCH - Makes high protein green feed or hay. Sow 
80 lbs. per acre. Inoculate with Nitragin C. Sow at oat planting 
time. 
HAIRY VETCH - Can be sown fall or spring, usually early fall, 
with rye, various proportions, IV 2 to 2 bushels total. Inoculate with 
Nitragin C. 
SUDAN GRASS - The dairyman’s friend. Sudan makes pasture, 
green feed, hay or silage that dairy cattle relish and respond to with 
milk. Sow from corn planting time to July 1st, 5 to 8 lbs. per acre in 
rows cultivated, or 30 to 40 lbs. broadcast. Early plantings make 
two cuttings. Cut for hay shortly after blooming. Seed cost is low, 
returns high. More dairymen should provide Sudan Grass and avoid 
the summer slump in milk production. * 
SORGHUM - Grows as tall as corn. When rowed and cultivated like 
com, sow 12 to 15 lbs. per acre. When broadcast, sow 40 lbs. per acre. 
Relished especially by horses and cattle. * 
* In drouth periods or after frost, certain poisons sometimes ac¬ 
cumulate in sorghum and sudan grass. Great care should be used in 
feeding at such times. Tests can be made. Ask your Farm Bureau. 
Pasture Seedinq & Manaqement 
Pasturage is one of the most important crops for this part of the 
Country, but it never has had the attention it deserves. In England, 
pasture management is as much a science as growing potatoes. Strains 
of grasses and clovers have been developed for pasture use that are 
much superior to the wild forms. The Cornell plan of pasture man¬ 
agements and the Cornell Pasture Mixture and the Hay-Pasture mix¬ 
ture formulas embody those English ideas which can be applied to ad¬ 
vantage under our conditions. Tests and experience have proved this 
plan and the seeding mixtures practicable and profitable. Govern¬ 
ment soil conservation programs in New York recognize their merits 
and offer financial help in adopting them. Live stock farmers should 
give the pasture question much more attention. 
PASTURE MANAGEMENT - Briefly, the Cornell Plan covers 
fertilizing, liming, methods of seeding, seed mixture and grazing man¬ 
agement. Ask for Cornell Pasture Leaflet No. 5. It gives the details. 
CORNELL PASTURE MIXTURE - At Cornell the mixture has 
yielded 3,000 lbs. to over 6,000 lbs. of dry matter per acre, containing 
over 30% crude protein, roughly, as much dry matter as in a 10 to 16T 
crop of silage or as much protein as in a 3 to 6T crop of alfalfa. 
Pastures managed according to the Cornell plan and seeded with this 
mixture produce more high protein feed to the acre than do most feed 
crops. The mixture is:— 
Kentucky Blue Grass .... 
.... 8 lb. 
Rough Stalked Meadow Grass l..lb. 
Canada Blue Grass . 
.... 2 lb. 
Wild White Clover . 
.. 1 lb. 
Timothy . 
.... 6 lb. 
Yellow Trefoil . 
.. 2 lb. 
Perennial Ryegrass . 
.... 5 lb. 
Total for 1 acre (2814 qts.) 
25 lb. 
We offer this mixture made up of ingredients approved by the 
Dept, of Agronomy, Cornell University, including Zvalof Victoria 
Perennial Rye Grass and Registered Grade A Kent County Old Pas¬ 
ture Wild White Clover, the preferred strains. See prices page 5. 
CORNELL HAY-PASTURE MIXTURE - This provides hay 
for one to three years and pasture thereafter; or one cutting of hay 
and the aftermath pastured each year for two or three years, and 
continuous pasture thereafter. It includes:— 
Medium Red Clover . 
2 lb. 
Alfalfa . 
. 4 lb. 
Alsike Clover . 
1 lb. 
Yellow Trefoil . 
. 1 lb. 
Timothy . 
Kentucky Blue Grass . 
8 lb. 
3 lb. 
Ladino White Clover . 
. 1 lb. 
Total for 1 acre (18 qts.) 
20 lb. 
We offer this mixture with 
ingredients approved as 
mentioned 
above. See prices page 5. 
IMPROVEMENT OF OLD PASTURES - In many cases, it is 
impossible or impracticable to apply the Cornell program in its en¬ 
tirety, but usually one or more of the following things may be done, 
and done profitably, on parts if not all of the existing pastures. 
Lime, if needed and where needed, to encourage Wild White Clover 
and Kentucky Blue Grass. 
Phosphate poorer parts, or all of the pasture, using as much as you 
can afford up to 600 lbs. per acre every four years. Where drill or 
lime sower can’t be used, apply granular superphosphate with cyclone 
broadcaster. 
Potash if needed, on sandy or gravelly places especially. 
Sow Cornell Pasture Mixture on spots or parts where stand is light. 
Sow early in spring when ground is honeycombed. Later sowings 
should be dragged in, if possible. 
Sow Wild White Clover alone where there are less than 3 wild clover 
plants per square yard. 
Mulch newly seeded spots lightly with coarse or trashy manure, corn 
stalks or light brush to protect seedlings. 
Pasture closely enough to keep all grasses from getting over 4" tall 
and weeds from seeding. 
Mow pastures in early July, or twice each season if necessary to keep 
growth of grasses and weeds down. 
Scatter droppings in Fall with brush drag, spike tooth drag, or weeder. 
Cut brush and useless trees in Winter. 
Successful Live-Stock Farmers Know Their Forage Crops 
