THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
2 7 
BLACKCAP RASPBERRIES. 
We know of but two methods of propagating, namely, by 
growing from seed and by tipping the end of the new growth. 
It is only desirable to grow from seed when new varieties are 
wanted with a hope of improvement. In growing by this 
method it is very important to select the very best plants ob¬ 
tainable of the two varieties you desire to cross. In selecting 
them remember that plants have individuality. No two are 
alike. In all berry plantations of any given variety a few will 
excel in growth of plant, in hardiness, size and quality of fruit. 
With all these points in mind go into your berry plantation 
when fruit begins to ripen, make your selections, mark the 
hills, make tips, select the strongest of these, plant them in the 
spring in rich garden soil, give them extra care, cultivate and 
prune with an eye to perfection. When in bloom cross the 
flowers of the two varieties, save seed from finest berries and 
plant in rich soil, and from the seedlings produced select the 
plants that most nearly satisfy your ideal ; then continue on 
through succeeding generations until 
you obtain the variety you desire. 
The second method, propagation 
by tips is the one in common practice 
from which our market is supplied 
with plants. In following this method 
secure your plants from a vigorous 
plantation of pure stock that has re¬ 
ceived proper care, cultivation and 
pruning, from some responsible party 
who knows how to grow, pack and 
handle good plants. The roots of 
raspberry tips are so young and tender 
that a few minutes exposure to the 
sun, wind or frost will ruin them, or if 
improperly packed will in a short 
time spoil from heating. For this 
reason buy as near home as possible, 
plant in spring on well drained friable 
land sufficiently rich to grow eighty 
bushels of corn per acre, bring it up 
by-well rotted manure thoroughly 
worked in by frequent plowing and 
harrowing. Land rolling enough to 
drain and not steep enough to wash is preferable. Prepare 
land before planting by deep plowing and thoroughly pul¬ 
verize with harrow. Mark out rows with one horse plow 
three or four inches deep, seven feet apart, and set plants three 
feet apart in row (2074 plants per acre). Keep plants in 
bucket covered with water and set with garden dibble so the 
crown of plant will not be more than two inches deep, and the 
roots as much deeper as they are long, or nearly so, and press 
the soil firmly to the plant. Cultivate frequently but shallow, 
keep surface very fine. Remember that every day your land 
remains with a crust on you lose fifty per cent, of the growth. 
Pinch out the top bud the first summer when canes are fifteen 
inches high, the second and succeeding years at two feet. This 
will cause them to throw out numerous laterals for tipping. 
If it be desirable to make all the plants possible, regardless 
of obtaining fruit, then pinch out the terminal bud of each 
lateral at twelve or fifteen inches. This will cause a second 
multiplication of laterals and very much increase the number 
of plants. Layering may be done at any time from middle of 
July on through August. In putting down the tips bury the 
end of each young growth three to five inches deep; if season 
is dry, five inches, if wet, three will do. Put them in as near 
straight as possible in regular order a few inches apart and 
press the earth firmly down. 
If all these directions are carried out carefully you may 
make from twenty-five to two hundred plants to the hill owing 
to age of plantation, and the variety, some multiplying much 
faster than others. The chief object of the propagator should 
be to grow good strong plants of pure stock that will be worth 
fifteen dollars per thousand (and cheap at that) rather than to 
cater to the demand for cheap plants at five dollars per 
thousand that are too dear at any price. We have bought 
them at from twenty-five down to five dollars per thousand, 
and the cheapest by far we ever got were those that cost us 
twenty-five dollars per thousand. Why ? Because they were 
strong, vigorous plants and perfectly pure ; all grew off nicely 
fruited abundantly and made us money. At present the trade 
is so demoralized by the sale of low- 
priced, mean, sickly plants of an end¬ 
less mixture of varieties that it is 
almost impossible to buy a thousand 
good strong, healthy plants free from 
mixture of any given variety even 
from the most honest and and re¬ 
liable nurseryman. 
N. F. Murray. 
Oregon, Mo. 
IRVING E. SPAULDING. 
The subject of this sketch is the 
secretary and treasurer of that enter¬ 
prising concern, the Spaulding Nur¬ 
sery and Orchard Company, Spauld¬ 
ing, Ill., near Springfield. His father, 
J. B. Spaulding, president of the 
company, established the nurseries in 
1857. His brother, Frank E. Spauld¬ 
ing, is manager of the sales depart¬ 
ment, and his brother-in-law, Frank 
R. Fisher, is vice-president. Mr. 
Spaulding is 31 years of age and is one of the best known 
of the young nurserymen. He holds a responsible position, 
the business of the company comprising planting of over a 
million trees, the management of 600 acres, a large whole¬ 
sale trade, and 300 local agencies. 
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Ingram Apple —Prof. Van Deman urges the planting of the Ingram 
apple, especially in the Central and Southern States. It is oblate, 
conic, angular, yellowish, with distinct red stripes, mixed with dull 
red; flavor, sub-acid; a late keeper. Tree and fruit resemble Rail’s 
Genet, of which Ingram is a seedling. Commercial orchardists in the 
West are taking it up. 
