no 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
of the orchardist who has been told by the entomologist to 
beware of nursery stock? We have repeatedly quoted the 
opinion of the Rural New Yorker that the San Jose scale scare 
was out of all proportion to the actual conditions. And now 
the Country Gentleman says under the caption “The Awful 
San Jose: ” 
It is to be hoped that the practical fruit-grower has not missed the 
pith of that very important discussion indulged in by the Economic 
Entomologists. When a man with the standing and reputation of 
C. L. Marlatt boldly discusses in his presidential address the question 
whether it would do just as well to let the San Jose scale slide, taking 
a little less anxious thought for the morrow, there is some meaning in 
the situation. It has appeared to many outsiders that some entomologists 
have been magnifying the scale scare, sometimes from natural over 
enthusiasm, sometimes to make an honest penny. Now the leading 
entomological society of America frankly asks whether all these inspec¬ 
tions, quarantines and red tape are worth while. Are they ? We 
don’t know any more about it than the Economic Entomologists do ; 
but for the present let us keep our heads and our digestions, and at¬ 
tend to our orchards as well as we can, scale or no scale. 
These are representative journals and they express the gen¬ 
eral sentiment on the subject. And it is general sentiment 
that may be depended upon always. 
Due diligence in endeavoring to prevent damage by the San 
Jose scale in localities should be observed, as in the case of 
any injurious pest. 
DEVELOPMENT OF BUDS. 
At the Philadelphia meeting of the American Pomological 
Society Professor W. R. Lazenby of Columbus, O., presented 
a paper on “ The Origin and Development of Buds on Fruit 
Trees.” Fruit buds are of three kinds—i) leaf buds from 
which new shoots are developed; 2) flower buds, which con- 
sist of undeveloped flowers, and 3) mix d buds, from which 
both shoots and flowers may come. It will be seen that leaf 
buds are concerned in the growth of the plant on which they 
are born, while flower buds resuli in the development of new 
individuals. Fruit buds may be divided into two groups—1) 
buds formed the same year they open, and 2) those developed 
the previous year. They may be either lateral or terminal, the 
lateral buds being most common on peach and nectarine, while 
those of the apple, pear and plum are usually terminal. 
The flower buds toward the end of the branches of peach 
trees seldom develop. All of the buds at a node on peach 
trees may be flower buds, but when three are present the cen¬ 
ter one is a leaf bud. Although the flower buds do not, as a 
rule, open until a year after they form, in some instances open 
in the fall of the same year, and during warm periods in the 
winter they enlarge so as to be one-eighth of an inch long by 
February r. Many varieties produce about the same number 
of buds, and there seems to be a definite relation between the 
number of the two kinds of buds, the leaf buds usually con¬ 
stituting from 35 to 46 per cent, of all the buds on a tree. 
During the growing season there is little difference between 
the,.flower and leaf buds of the apple. As a rule those on the 
new shoots are leaf buds, while the fruit buds are in short fruit 
spurs. The leaf buds of plums are generally smaller and more 
pointed, and the flower buds are in spurs As a rule, the 
leaf buds are closely appressed, while the oval flower buds 
stand out from the branches. On some sorts the buds are in 
threes at the base of the shoots and are solitary towards the 
tips. In the pear there are six to nine flowers in a bud, and 
there is little difference between leaf and flower buds. The 
form of the leaf buds in different varieties is more constant 
than is the form of the fruit, and one familiar with their ap¬ 
pearance can rely upon the buds to determine the varieties. 
Cherry trees develop their buds one year and open them the 
next. They are usually three to eight in a fruit spur, with a 
leaf bud at the tip. Grape buds are borne on wood of the 
same year’s growth, and are on the first new nodes opposite 
leaves. When a tendril is opposite a leaf, no fruit buds will be 
found further along on the cane. Leaf buds may be changed 
to flower buds and flowers to leaf buds at any period of their 
growth. The development of flower buds can often be brought 
about by summer pruning and other operations that check the 
growth of the trees. 
CEMETERY SUPERINTENDENT TO NURSERYMAN. 
David Z. Morris has resigned the position of superintendent 
of Mt. Hope Cemetery, the largest in .Rochester, N. Y., to 
accept a position in Brown Brothers’ nursery business at Wel¬ 
land, Ont. Edward Morris, formerly the representative of 
Brown Brothers in Chicago, will also be connected with the 
Welland office. 
Mr. Morris has been superintendent of Mt. Hope Cemetery 
for ten years. Under his direction the cemetery has become 
self-supporting. It is declared to be the largest cemetery in 
the country, outside of New York and Philadelphia, having 
about 215 acres, and there have been in it about 60,000 
burials. It has been in use constantly since 1838, and is the 
only place for the interment of Protestants in Rochester. This 
accounts for the great number of graves there located, and for 
the large tract devoted to the cemetery. 
HARDY PLUM STOCKS. 
The list of plums that Mr. FTankland sends from Manitoba 
is truly something of a surprise, says H. A. Terry, Crescent, 
la., in Fruitman. But Mr. Frankland’s trees are probably all 
worked on Americana stocks, which will account for their 
hardiness, as I have yet to find any native plums on their own 
roots, or worked on Americana roots that were winter killed 
last winter. A great many nurserymen have for several years 
past been using Mariana roots to graft plums on, and Mariana 
being in the MyrobUan family, it has almost invariably root 
killed all over the Northwest. I have hundreds of trees in my 
plum orchard large enough to bear a bushel of fruit each that 
are on Myrobolan stock, and all are dead, but not a tree in my 
orchard on Americana roots is dead. I find this is the case all 
over our state, and also in Nebraska, Dakota, Minnesota, 
etc. 
It seems to me that nurserymen should learn a lesson from 
this fact and use the native roots for working plums. The 
Wild Goose and some other Chicasas on their own roots are 
badly injured, and some of them killed outright. Of cherries 
all my trees on Mazzard roots are killed, while those on Maha- 
leb are many of them a good deal injured, but will probably 
recover, but those on their own roots, and on purple Morello 
and late Richmond roots, are not injured in the least. We 
need hardy stocks to endure our “test winters.” The Wild 
Goose on own roots will most of them recover. 
