26 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
Ifn 1Rurserv> IRows. 
Trees from Local Nurseries —la relation to opinion formed for 
or against trees grown from one mile to thousands of miles away, I 
have planted thousands of trees—more peach than any other. I have 
2000 Japan plum trees three years old bought in Alabama; also a lot 
of Keiffer pear trees from same state. All grew and look as well as 
trees grown on my own farm. One of the Keiffer trees at one year old 
matured nine large pears. This tree came direct to me with others 
from Alabama. Nearly all pear seedlings come to nurserymen direct 
Lom France. As a rule, very few nurserymen undertake to grow pear 
seedlings in this country to propagate from or for sale—J. T. 8., in 
Country Gentleman. 
Northern Oranges —Accompanying a photo engraving of small 
oranges in the Rural New Yorker is the following: “ These oranges 
were grown and ripened in Monmouth County, N. J., 30 miles south of 
New York City. They are the fruits of Citrus trifoliata, a true oranges 
with deeply-lobed deciduous foliage, and, as proved by ten years’ trials, 
fully as hardy as most peaches. The tree from which these little 
oranges were taken has stood, without the slightest protection, for six 
years in an open field, and is now seven or eight feet high. In an ad¬ 
joining nursery, thousands of trees are growing in the ordinary rows, 
many of which are also bearing fruit. No care is given them beyond 
that bestowed on the hardiest trees and shrubs.” 
Aid in Forest Planting —The forestry division, Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C., has issued a pamphlet detailing the 
offer of the government to co-operate with land owners in the protec¬ 
tion of plantations, woodlots, shelter belts and the like. It asks the 
land owner to sign an agreement as to the care of trees after planting. 
The division will prepare plans and make the necessary investigations 
and give advice as to the best methods of planting and growing trees. 
In return for this the owner agrees to be guided by the advice of the 
division. He must, nowever, bear all the expense of planting, cultiva¬ 
tion and also the necessary traveling expenses of the agent of the de 
partment, if one be required to visit the farm in order to make sugges¬ 
tions. 
Russian Varieties— Comment upon the bulletin of the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture giving a review list of the fruits starred in 
the several states by the American Homological Society : “It is quite 
significant in view of nursery criticism that twenty-four of the Russian 
apples are starred, or double starred in one or more of the districts into 
which the Union is divided by the society. As a special instance the 
Yellow Transparent is double starred in nine out of the nineteen fruit 
districts of the Union and single starred in many others. Considering 
the recent introduction of most of these varieties, this record is quite 
remarkable. AVith cherries, six of the newly introduced Russian 
cherries are double or single starred in from one to several of the fruit 
districts.” 
IIubbardston Apple —Answering a correspondent, Prof. Van 
Deman says in the Rural New Yorker: “ The IIubbardston apple is 
not of so nice a style in the nursery as some others, but it makes a very 
good orchard tree. Doubtless there is a scarcity of the trees in the 
nurseries, partly because of their rather inferior growth, and partly 
because of the unusual demand for the variety of late years. People 
are getting to know more of its value. No honorable nurserymen 
would even seriously consider the substitution of other trees when 
those of IIubbardston had been ordered. It may be that it is done by 
s ome dishonest nurserymen, but that it is generally so I do not believe, 
because most of our nurserymen are as honest as the people who deal 
with them.” 
Paper Sacks in Crossing —In our extended w r ork iu hybridizing 
and crossing fruits and shrubs we have had the best success when 
using thin, open-meshed muslin sacks and very poor success when 
using Manila paper sacks, says Prof. J. L. Budd, Ames, la. We now 
notice that Prof. S. AV. Fletcher, of Cornell University, in his able 
paper on self-sterility of fruits, states that blossoms covered with 
Manila sacks rarely develop a perfect fruit, while with perfect 
flowered varieties fruits develop all right covered with cheese-cloth or 
any material that admits freely light and air. lie says: 
“ Underneath the Manila bags are conditions of light, temperature 
and moisture, which must unavoidably react upon the delicate and 
sensitive sexual elements.” 
This is important, as in about all the work done in crossing in the 
prairie states the Manila sacks have been used. 
New Double-flowering Cherry —By the recent introduction of 
the new double-flowering cherry named James H. Veitch, says the 
Gardeners’ Magazine, London, another glorious addition has been made 
to the list of flowering trees that make English gardens in spring and 
early summer the most beautiful in the world. This newcomer is pro¬ 
nounced by all who have seen it in flower to be quite the finest of all 
the double Japanese cherries, as its flowers are not only larger and 
more double than the others, but the colour is of that indescribably 
delicate tone of rosy pink that so subtly harmonises with the reddish 
bronze tinge of the new foliage. It is described by Mr. Veitch, who 
found it during his wanderings in Japan a few years ago, as growing 
to the size of a small tree, but for years we cannot expect to see it 
more than in bush-like form, as all the double Japanese cherries are 
slow in growth, and never grow here with the same luxuriance as one 
sees them in Japan, forming avenues for shade in the streets, and as 
large as orchard cherry trees. 
Dudley’s AVinter Apple —Ten to twelve years ago we received 
for trial two trees labeled “North- Star” from Chase Brothers, of 
Rochester, New York, saying it was a seedling of the Duchess, says 
Prof. J. L. Budd, Ames, la. It proved a rampant grower, and when 
tested in nursery it towered above all other varieties around it fully 
two feet when two and three years old. Yet it made stocky as well as 
upward growth AVhen the trial trees came into bearing we found the 
fruit larger than Wealthy, handsomely colored, and a much later 
keeper nearly as good in quality. It now appears that the name 
North Star was given it by Chase Brothers, of New York, while in 
Maine, where it originated, it is widely known as Dudley’s Winter. 
This should be its established name, as it was grown from Duchess 
seed by J. W. Dudley, of Northern Maine. Several years ago we sent 
out a number of the trees for trial, from which we have very favorable 
reports. But they were sent out under the name of North Star. 
Low Windbreaks —In Manitoba the unchecked wind sweeping low 
over the plains blew the newly sown grain out of the ground, and the 
blowing away of the finer particles of the soil in the form of dust was 
ruining the land. Prof. J. L. Budd introduced in 1882 a shrubby 
species of what he calls the “Old Man” from Russia. It was easily 
propagated by cuttings so he sent several hundred plants up there for 
trial. Its introduction for low windbreaks has been remarkably rapid. 
Hundreds of miles of it are now found on the borders, and even 
through the centers of large wheat fields to prevent the low sweep of 
the winds. It does not grow more than four or five feet high and 
draws little from the soil as it comes near to being an air plant. But it 
has changed the whole character of the plains in the way of breaking 
up the kind of wind sweep that not only takes up the soil, but deprives 
it rapidly of moisture. The high windbreak is not required, but on 
western praires to lessen evaporation something higher than the Rus¬ 
sian Artemesia is needed. The Russian AVild Olive better meets the 
requirements. 
Keiffer as a Dwarf —M. J. Graham, Adel, la., in a communica¬ 
tion to American Gardening says : “ Your correspondent, ‘ G. AV. H., 
of Colorado, expresses a determination to plant 1,000 dwarf trees of 
Keiffer pear next spring, provided he can obtain the trees. 1 beg to 
state that a venture of this kind will result in failure, for the reason 
that the Keiffer does not form a permanent union with the quince 
stock. In the spring of 1895 I planted 50 first-class two-year-old 
Keiffer pear trees on quince. The trees were given clean cultivation 
and made a fair growth the first season. By the end of the second 
season 90 per cent, were dead, many of them drying up during the 
summer while in full leaf. An examination disclosed the fact that the 
trees which remained in good condition, and were making a strong 
growth, had thrown out roots from the Keiffer wood above the point 
0 f union with the stock ; while the trees which died had not emitted 
s uch roots. Dwarf trees of other varieties, such as Anjou, Angouleme, 
Seckel and Mt. Vernon, in the same orchard, all made a good, healthy 
growth. The Keiffer should be planted only as a standard, and kept 
headed back for the first three or four years. Treated in this way the 
trees will bear almost as soon as dwarfs, and make a permanent and 
profitable orchard.” 
