130 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
OREGON NURSERIES . 
Twenty-five Carloads Valued at $60,000 Shipped from Salem This 
Fall—Trees May Be Dug and Shipped Six Months of the 
Year—Experience at the Marcus Daly Stock Ranch 
—Praise for Western Trees. 
A despatch to the Morning Oregoniar, Portland, Ore., from 
Salem, Ore., under date of October 23d, says: 
Nursery stock to the amount of 25 carloads, and of the value of 
$ 60 , 000 , will be shipped from Salem this season. Nearly all the trees 
will find a market in Idaho, Montana, Washington, Colorado, Utah, 
Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico and California. The Oregon Nursery 
Company of this city has 75 men employed preparing fruit trees, orna¬ 
mental trees, bushes, etc., for shipment, and keeps a force of men at 
work both night and day in order to hasten the stock to its destination. 
Packing fruit trees by electric light is something that probably can be 
seen only in Salem. 
Several years ago, when the fruit industry was booming in this state, 
the nursery business was very profitable, and great quantities of pear 
and prune trees were produced. These trees were sold to Oregon 
growers until the unusual local demand had been supplied and then, 
for a time, the bottom dropped out of the business. But within the 
last three or four years there has been built up an ever-increasing ex¬ 
port business, which has given new life to Oregon nurseries and makes 
this a paying industry. 
Oregon nurseries not only supply a steady local demand, but also 
ship goods to every part of the Pacific coast, thus bringing consider¬ 
able money to this state to be paid principally for hire of labor. The 
Oregon Nursery Company alone keeps 25 agents in the field, seeking 
new markets for Oregon fruit trees. 
That the Willamette Valley is especially adapted for the raising of 
nursery stock has been demonstrated witbin the last few years, or since 
the nurserymen have begun to seek markets in other states. One great 
advantage is that trees may be dug and shipped six months in the 
year, from October to April. Trees must reach their destination at the 
proper time for planting, and being centrally located on the Pacific 
coast, the Willamette Valley may ship goods succesfully to the cold 
regions of Idaho and Montana, the milder climates of Nevada and 
Utah, and the warm states of Arizona and California. 
Oregon being free from extremes of temperature, produces fruit 
trees that will do well in either Northern or Southern States. On the 
great Marcus Daly stock ranch at Hamilton, Mont., there was an 
orchard containing trees imported from various sections of the United 
States. After a severe freeze which destroyed great numbers of the 
trees, an examination disclosed that those imported from Salem, Ore., 
had best stood the freeze. New trees to replace those destroyed were 
ordered from here. 
In Southern States, where irrigation is necessary, trees are affected 
by a disease which attacks the roots. Nursery stock grown in Oregon 
is not troubled in that respect, but has perfect roots, with-more and 
finer fibers than the trees grown in irrigated land. Trees produced 
east of the mountains do not make so good a growth as those grown in 
Oregon, and a 2 -year-old Oregon fruit tree makes a far better appear, 
ance than a 3 - or 4 -year-old tree grown in the East. 
In order to avoid infractions of the law, nurserymen must spray 
their trees thoroughly while growing and fumigate them before 
shipping. 
SAN JOSE SCALE CAN BE CONTROLLED. 
In a recent bulletin, C. L. Marlatt, first assistant entomol¬ 
ogist of the United States Department of Agriculture, says : 
While one is undoubtedly justified in asserting that the San Jose 
scale is to be a permanency, it by no means follows that the profitable 
growth of deciduous fruit is seriously menaced on this account. The 
experience in California, covering many years, has abundantly demon¬ 
strated that this scale insect can be controlled, and the more recent 
experience in the East points indubitably to the same conclusion. In 
other words, by proper repressive and remedial treatment, the value 
of which has been demonstrated by much practical experience, an 
orchard can be protected from serious injury and kept in good-paying 
condition so far as influenced by the San Jose scale. 
One of the main objects of this circular, therefore, is to emphasize 
the importance and value of honest efforts to control this insect for the 
great majority of districts where it has established itself, rather than 
efforts at extermination, which will prove successful rarely, at best 
and will always be accompanied with great immediate loss. 
Prof. Marlatt discusses the soap treatment, the kerosene 
treatment, the crude petroleum treatment and the oil-water 
treatment. He advocates the fumigation of nursery stock 
where there is the least suspicion of contamination, and 
recommends the hydrocyanic-acid-gas fumigation. The lime, 
sulphur and salt wash is suited to the Pacific coast region. 
HOME-GROWN APPLE SEEDLINGS. 
F. W. Kimball, Austin, Minn., says in Minnesota Horticul¬ 
turist: 
Could and woidd all our nurserymen propagate their trees on home 
grown roots from home grown seed, I am confident that the trees 
would start out on a root system far more hardy than now obtained 
from seed raised anywhere but at home. The result in a few years 
would be to put orcharding in this section a decade ahead, at least. 
And as like begets like, can there be any question as to this proposi¬ 
tion ? I think that most, if not all, our nurserymen believe this. 
Then let us ask them to put it into execution; even if their apples are 
worth a dollar a bushel, they can better afford to make cider and vine 
gar and save their seeds to plant than to take foreign seeds as a gift. 
PARIS EXPOSITION AWARDS. 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, ) 
Division of Pomology, [■ 
Washington, November 23 , 1900 . ) 
Editor National Nurseryman : 
My Dear Sir—You will find enclosed herewith a listof the awards to 
American exhibitors in the last Temporary Competition in Horticul¬ 
ture at the Paris Exposition, held October 24 , 1900 . The fruit exhib¬ 
ited at that time consisted of the balance of the shipment which left 
New York September 26 , part of which was exhibited in the competi¬ 
tion of October 10 , and has been previously reported on. 
The display was the largest made during the season and with very 
few exceptions the fruit was ot high quality. 
The exhibit of fresh fruit in the American Section has been main¬ 
tained without a break from May 9 , to the close of the Exposition, thus 
demonstrating the ability of the fruit growers of the United States to 
furnish European consumers an unbroken supply of choice fruits 
throughout the year. During the closing weeks of the Exposition the 
American Section has been crowded with interested visitors all hours 
of the day and many inquiries for addresses of dealers in apples, 
oranges and pecans have been received. 
The summary of awards to American exhibitors in the Temporary 
Competition in Group VIII, so far as reported, shows the following 
totals : 
First Prizes. 80 
Second Prizes. 63 
Third Prizes. 17 
Honorable Mention.'. 10 
Total. 170 
The awards of grand prizes in this group, which will be based on the 
awards in Temporary Competitions, have not yet been announced 
by the jury. Very truly, 
Wm. A. Taylor, Acting Pomologist. 
First prizes were awarded for general collection, Division of Pom¬ 
ology, United States Department of Agriculture—Apples, crops of 
1899 - 1900 ; pears, crop of 1900 ; collections of apples, crops of 1899 and 
1900 .—Illinois and Missouri Horticultural Societies, New York State 
Commission, collections of apples, crop of 1900 .—Idaho, Iowa and 
Kansas State Horticultural Societies, Michigan Experiment Station; 
E. F. Babcock, Waitsburg, Wash.; L. M. Blakely, Lyons, N. Y.; H. 
M. Dunlap, Savoy, Ill.; L. A. Goodman, Kansas City, Mo.; I. B. 
Perrine, Blue Lakes, Idaho; W. G. Vincenheller, Fayetteville, Ark. 
