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THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
The National N urseryman. 
C. L. YATES, Proprietor. RALPH T. OLCOTT, Editor. 
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY 
The National Nurseryman Publishing Co., 
305 Cox Building, Rochester, N. Y. 
The only trade journal issued for Growers and Dealers in Nursery Stock oj 
all kinds. It circulates throughout the United States and Canada. 
OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN. 
AWARDED THE GRAND PRIZE AT PARIS EXPOSITION, 1900. 
SUBSCRIPTION RATES. 
One year, in advance, - - - - - $1.00 
Six Months, ______ .75 
Foreign Subscriptions, in advance, - - - 1.50 
Six Months, “ “ 1.00 
Advertising rates will be sent upon application. Advertisements 
should reach this office by the 20th of the month previous to the date 
of issue. 
Payment in advance required for foreign advertisements. Drafts 
on New York or postal orders, instead of checks, are requested. 
Correspondence from all points and articles of interest to nursery¬ 
men and horticulturists are cordially solicited. 
AflERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN. 
President. Theodore J. Smith, Geneva, N. Y.; vice-president, N. W. 
Hale, Knoxville, Tenn.; secretary, George C. Seager, Rochester, 
N. Y.; treasurer, C. L. Yates, Rochester, N. Y. 
Executive Committee—Irving Rouse, Rochester, N. Y.; C. L. Watrous, Des 
Moines, la.; E. Albertson, Bridgeport, Ind. 
Committee on Transportation—Theo lore J. Smith, ex-officio, chairman ; A. L. 
Brooke, N. Topeka, Kan.; William Pitkin, Rochester, N. Y.; Peter Youngers, 
Geneva, Neb.; N. W. Hale, Knoxville, Tenn. 
Committee on Legislation—C. L. Watrous, Des Moines, la.; N. H. Albaugh, 
Phoneton, O.: Silas Wilson, Atlantic, la.; Charles J. Brown, Rochester, N.Y. 
Robert C. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga. 
Committee on Tariff—Irving Rouse, Rochester, N. Y.; J. J. Harrison, Paines- 
ville, O.; Thomas B. Meehan, Germantown, Pa. 
Annual convention for 1901—At Niagara Falls, N. Y., June 12-13. 
Entered in the Post Office at Rochester , as second-class mail matter. 
Rochester, N. Y., December, 1900. 
EXTENDING FRUIT GROWING. 
The opening of the twentieth century finds the fruit-grow¬ 
ing industry in a wonderful stage of advancement, as compared 
with that at the beginning of the present century. And it 
has been during the latter half of this century that the strides 
have been rapid. The nurseryman has to do with commercial 
horticulture and there was little of this at the opening of the 
nineteenth century. “Established 1840” is the legend on the 
title page of the catalogue of the Ellwanger & Barry Nurseries, 
among the oldest in the country. The remarkable progress of 
the art of horticulture during the last fifty years is too well 
known by the many veteran nurserymen and horticulturists, 
and the well-informed younger generation, to need detailed 
reference at this time. The planting of trees and shrubs has 
been extended to every corner in the eastern and central 
states and has entered prominently into the calculations of the 
workers of large estates in the great West. On what was 
formerly the frontier, from which were sent back to the East 
small orders for nursery stock, are now located some of the 
largest and most progressive nurseries of the country. 
Experiments by individuals and by organized station forces 
are producing plans for meeting conditions on mountain and 
plain in the West whose cold and arid lands have long 
repulsed efforts to make commercial horticulture there a 
success. Colorado horticulturists are vying with those of 
California in certain lines, and Prof. Fayette L. Cook, this 
year, before the South Dakota Horticultural Society said : 
“ Fruit culture is still in its infancy in the Black Hills, but 
enough has been done to prove that nearly all varieties of 
hardy northern fruits do exceptionally well here. Apple trees 
make a smoother, healthier growth than in any part of Minne¬ 
sota or even perhaps Northern Iowa. Thousands of apple 
trees have been set during the last three years.” 
“Some New Lines of Work for Prairie Nurserymen” was 
the subject of an interesting paper by Prof. N. E. Hansen 
before the American Association at its last meeting. Upon 
all sides there is discussion of plans for extending the art of 
horticulture into new fields. 
“ The possibilities of horticulture seem almost infinite ” 
wrote Daniel Denison Slade in 1895, at the conclusion of a 
review of the evolution of horticulture in New England. 
“ The misty atmosphere that now envelops many of these is 
destined to be cleared by means of botanical research and 
and patient investigation.” 
In his interesting and instructive article upon “ Horticul¬ 
ture ” in the Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, Prof. L. 
H. Bailey calls attention to the fact that horticulture in its 
commercial aspects was nothing more than an incidental fea¬ 
ture of farm management at the opening of the century ; that 
it is only in the present generation that the field cultivation of 
horticultural crops h:s come to assume any general importance 
in the rural economy of the nation. “And even now,” says 
Prof. Bailey, “ horticultural operations which are projected as 
a fundamental conception of land occupation are confined to 
few parts of the country. It is still the original or first con¬ 
ception of the farmer’s boy, when he proposes to occupy land 
of his own, that he raise grain and hay and stock, and add the 
fruits and other horticultural crops by piece-meal. It is only 
in particular parts of the country that the farmer starts out 
with horticulture as a base and with grain and stock as 
accessories. A hundred years ago the apple was the only 
general horticultural commodity. There was little thought of 
marketing pears, peaches, cherries and quinces.” 
Prof. Bailey remarks the strong commercial trend of horti¬ 
culture at the close of the nineteenth century ; its living litera¬ 
ture, more than 600 books on horticulture having been pub¬ 
lished ; the thoroughly American ideals, methods* varieties and 
implements of American horticulture ; its youth and the vigor 
with which it is enlarging. 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
A convention significant of great possibilities for nursery¬ 
men was held in Chicago last month. It was the ninth annual 
irrigation congress. Plans for reclaiming the great arid tracts 
of land in the West were discussed. A telegram was sent to 
President McKinley urging him to call attention, in his mes¬ 
sage to congress, to the national importance of the preserva- 
