THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
which is quite a different thing from exterminating it. My chief reason 
for saying that the insect cannot now be exterminated is that it has 
become established everywhere in the region between Burlington and 
Camden, from the Delaware to a line anywhere from five to ten miles 
back. It is certain that it has been spread into old orchards, and it is 
more likely that there exist many points of infestation which are as 
yet unknown. There is a very large shore colony in Monmouth county. 
The red shale lands of the state are as free from the scale as any land 
known. AVe must deal with the scale as a native insect in the future. 
AVe must recognize the fact that it is one more enemy to be fought by 
the fruit-growers, but at the same time there is no reason why that 
enemy should not be conquered like others. 
AVe know that kerosene will kill San Jose scale at any time of the 
year wherever it touches them. It will not harm plant life if not 
used in excessive quantity or under such circumstances as to prevent 
evaporation. Kerosene mixed with soap makes a mixture which will 
not readily allow the kerosene to evaporate. The kerosene must be put 
on in the finest possible spray and no more used than is absolutely nec¬ 
essary to wet. To show what I mean, I say that with an atomizer 
holding one pint I covered completely a pear tree in full foliage ten 
feet in height and with a diameter through the branches of fully five 
feet. The application cost but one cent for foliage. AVhale oil soap is 
not so effective as kerosene in penetrating the crevices. There is one 
point not quite settled, and that is the effect of kerosene upon fruit 
buds. 
Professor L. H. JBailey discussed over-production of fruit, 
and David Baird, of Baird, urged the thinning of peaches, 
apples, pears and plums. Assistant U. S. Pomologist W. A. 
Taylor spoke on “Commercial Small Fruit Culture in the 
Middle States.” Ira J. Blackwell urged the beatifying of the 
farmer’s home surroundings. 
David Baird offered a resolution favoring the passage of a 
law to provide for the appointment of an inspector whose duty 
it shall be to inspect the stock of nurserymen for plant diseases, 
in order that he may give certificates as to the condition of the 
stock. One of the great needs of such an inspector is to per¬ 
mit the sale of Jersey stock in states where a certificate is 
required. The resolution was referred to the State Board of 
Agriculture. 
The following officers were elected: President, Samuel. B. 
Ketcham, Pennington; vice-president, David Baird, Baird, 
Monmouth county; secretary, H. I. Budd, Mount Holly; treas¬ 
urer, Charles L. Jones, Newark. On the executive committee 
are the following nurserymen: E. P. Beebee, Elizabeth; Ira J. 
Blackwell, Titusville. On other committiees, Samuel C* 
DeCou, Moorestown; Hiram T. Jones, Elizabeth. 
NEBRASKA. 
The twenty-ninth annual meeting of the Nebraska State 
Horticultural Society was held at Lincoln January n-13. As 
usual, the nurserymen were in the front rank. President G. 
A. Marshall of Arlington, presided. E. F. Stephens, of Crete, 
read the first paper on the programme, discussing “Orcharding 
in Irrigated Districts.” George L. Allen of Leigh, read*a 
paper on currants. Red Dutch, White Grape, Cherry, Vic¬ 
toria and La Versailles were the varieties named in the order 
of their profit. Ex-Governor R. W. Furnas of Brownville, and 
ex-Secretary of Agriculture J. Sterling Morton of Nebraska 
City, made brief speeches. 
Professors F. VV. Taylor and F. W. Card of Lincoln, mem¬ 
bers of the American Association of Nurserymen, discussed 
horticultural societies and spraying respectively. Professor 
Taylor has charge of the horticultural department of the 
Omaha exposition. It was largely through his eloquence and 
brilliant promises that the American Association of Nursery¬ 
men voted to hold its meeting of 1898 in Omaha. 
J. W. Stevenson of North Bend, discussed small frui. 
F. Coleman, Corning, la., described southern horticulture. 
J. Brown, of Youngers & Co., Geneva, described their system 
of fumigating stock. A resolution was introduced by Mr. 
Brown and adopted by the society, with a view to securing 
federal aid, and united action by all the states against the 
further spread of the San Jose scale. 
A list of peaches revised to date was given by J. M. Russell 
of Wymore, the peach king of Nebraska. This list is selected 
from among sixty varieties tested by Russell & Son and was 
largely sought for by the amateur peach growers of both 
Nebraska and AVestern Iowa. They are named as follows in 
the order of their ripening: Alexander, Early Rivers, Hale’s 
Early, Coolidge Favorite, Champion, Wager, Wright, Hill’s 
Chili, Crosby, Bokara No. 3 and a few for trial of Heath Cling, 
Smock and Solway. 
The old officers were re-elected as follows: G. A. Marshall, 
president; J. H. Hadkinson, first vice-president; W. J. Hesser, 
second vice-president; C.H.Barnard,secretary; Peter Youngers, 
treasurer. Three directors were elected as follows: Louis 
Henderson, Omaha; E. F. Stephens, Crete; J. P. Dunlap, 
Dwight. 
ONTARIO. 
4 
The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Ontario Fruit 
Growers’ Association was held at AVaterloo, Canada, on Decem¬ 
ber 15th. AV. M. Orr reported that twenty-nine orchards had 
been sprayed. Nearly 3,000 people had attended, and much 
interest was manifested. AVhereas unsprayed orchards last 
year yielded only from 15 to 25 per cent, clean fruit, those 
sprayed had given from 70 to 90 per cent. The cost was only 
two cents per tree per application. Six applications were 
given. 
L. Woolverton, secretary of the association, read the report 
of the results of the trial shipments of fruit to England. 
Seventeen car-loads had been forwarded, consisting of 
peaches, pears, plums, grapes, and tomatoes. There had been 
losses on the earlier shipments, owing to the high temperature 
of the cold storage warehouse, and lack of ventilation in pack¬ 
ages. Later, smaller packages had been used, and a more 
even temperature secured, with more satisfactory results. 
Grapes had not done well. 
It was reported that the San Jose scale had been found in 
fifteen orchards in the Dominion. C. C. James laid the draft 
of the provincial government’s bill before the meeting, and 
invited discussion of its various clauses. In its present state, 
the bill provides for thorough inspection and destruction of 
infested trees, with partial compensation to owners. The ques¬ 
tion of importation of infested nursery stock was discussed ; 
and a committee was appointed to wait on the minister of 
agriculture with reference to the final shape of the bill. 
ILLINOIS. 
At the forty-second annual meeting of the Illinois State 
Horticultural Society, at Springfield, December 28-30, a com¬ 
mittee consisting of H. Augustine, Normal ; J. AV. Stanton, 
Richview, and H. M. Dunlap, Savoy, was appointed to co¬ 
operate with the state entomologist in the suppression of the 
San Jose scale in the state. The following resolutions were 
adopted : 
AVhereas, The 300,000 acres of apple orchards in Illinois are threat-. 
ened with destruction by that dread scourge, the San Jose scale, which 
has now twenty-five distinct colonies in widely separated localities of 
this state; and, 
