THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
35 
DEFENSE OF CERTIFICATES. 
Professor William B. Alwood Argues That Inspection Is a 
Practical and Proper Means of Restricting the Spread 
of San Jose Scale—Wishes to Allay Alarm. 
Professor William B. Alwood, entomologist of Virginia, in a 
reply to Dr. John B. Smith, entomologist of New Jersey, who 
has discouraged the passage of laws requiring San Jose scale 
certificates, says in Rural New Yorker : 
“Asa measure justifying his opposition to the giving of 
certificates by entomologists, he makes several statements that 
trees have been shipped into New Jersey infested with scale, 
yet carrying the certificate of an entomologist. This may 
well have occurred in a few instances, considering the fact 
that, wherever inspection has been attempted, the inspectors 
have been much over-worked, and have not had the means 
necessary to do the work in a proper manner. But to ?irgue 
that, because some error or oversight or even some dishonest 
practices may occur under inspection, we are not to try to 
stop the dissimination of this pest, seems to me simply to be 
begging the question. 
“ It is certainly demonstrable by the work done in this 
state (Virginia), and I believe, also, in other states, that the 
inspection has immensely decreased the amount of infested 
stock that has been handled from the nurseries, and that it has 
served to locate and, in many cases, restrict the spread from 
local infested areas, and in some cases, entirely eradicate the 
scale therein. After several years’ experience in dealing with 
this question, I give it as my firm belief that our best hope of 
checking the spread of this obscure and pernicious pest lies 
in the most thorough inspection under competent, trained 
entomologists, and the destruction of all infested nursery 
stock, and, as a further measure, the restriction and eradica¬ 
tion, so far as possible, of infested areas in the state outside of 
the nurseries. Because we have the scale, is it sound argu¬ 
ment that we shall continue to disseminate it ? 
“ My experience, after two years of work, is that no seriously 
infested nursery will ever be overlooked by an inspector hav¬ 
ing proper training. If this is then the case, and these 
thousands and, in some cases hundreds of thousands of trees 
can be withheld from dissemination in commerce, why is not 
inspection a practical and proper means of restricting the 
spread of this pest ? For my part, I do not believe there is 
any real danger to foreign countries from the unrestricted 
entrance of our fruit, but it will not be so easy to convince 
them if we permit this scale to spread further. Until now, I 
have purposely avoided treating this matter in the newspapers, 
because I especially wished to allay and not create alarm ; but 
as the time is past when a fair statement can do harm, I have 
thought it best to make this general statement and partial 
reply to those who have published so voluminously in the 
newspapers and agricultural press.” 
IS EARLY RICHMOND EXEMPT? 
In a summary of a bulletin on San Jose scale by C. F. 
Baker, of the Alabama Agricultural College, the last issue of 
the Experiment Station Record says : 
“It may be noted that the Early Richmond cherry seems to 
be exempt from the San Jose scale. Trees of this variety have 
been growing with their branches interlocked with those of a 
pear that had been killed by the scale, and yet remain unin¬ 
fested. Again two cases are noted where the Early Richmond 
variety was grafted upon Mahaleb stock. The shoots of the 
latter had sprung up below the graft and were badly infested, 
while no scales were to be found on the trees themselves.” 
The author states that the inspection of several nurseries 
in Alabama during the spring revealed the fact that this insect 
occurred but rarely or not at all on stock that was moved every 
three years and he advises such a movement of stock for the 
purpose of getting rid of the scale. The plan, it is stated on 
the authority of nurserymen consulted, is perfectly practicable. 
CALIFORNIA GROWN ROSES. 
The Jackson & Perkins Co. of Newark, N. Y., writing of 
their experiment in growing roses in California, say in Ameri¬ 
can Florist: 
“We have sent about 150,000 young roses to California to 
be grown, and they are thus far doing very nicely indeed. 
These were all propagated here, but as soon as we get matters 
in a little better shape we expect to have the propagating 
done entirely in California. We experimented with rose 
growing a little last year, sending 10,000 plants there. They 
came back to us with an amount of growth upon them that 
was perfectly surprising. La France, American Beauty and 
Mrs. John Laing, which are very slow growing sorts out doors 
here, and of which it is impossible to grow very strong plants 
even in two seasons, will, in California, make plants three feet 
or more in height in one season. 
“ We are also trying about 40,000 clematis, believing that 
we can produce some exceptionally fine strong plants there. 
We do not believe that the plan of growing roses in California 
from field rooted cuttings will ever be successful, as it is 
altogether too uncertain.” 
©bituar\>. 
William Parry, of the firm of Parry Brothers, Parry, N. J., 
died last month of Bright’s disease, aged 50 years. 
William L. Gatewood, superintendent of Stark Brothers’ 
nurseries, Louisiana, Mo., died February 23, aged 43 years. 
John O’Callaghan, for thirty years foreman of the rose 
department of Ellwanger & Barry’s nurseries, died at his home 
in Rochester March 22, aged 73 years. He entered the em¬ 
ployment of that firm forty years ago. His knowledge of roses 
was regarded as of great value. 
John Hannay, a veteran nurseryman and one of the pioneers 
of Santa Clara, Cal., died March 7, at West Side, San Jose. 
He had been identified with the development of the fruit 
industry of Santa Clara county for a quarter of a century. 
He was a native of Scotland and 64 years of age. 
Samuel Edwards, one of the early nurserymen of Illinois, 
died at Mendota, January 24, aged 80 years. He was once a 
heavy grower of evergreens, and established the “ Evergreens ” 
in Dansville in 1854. He was president of the State Horti¬ 
cultural Society, and a well-known writer. With J. T. Little, 
about the year 1851, he was among the first to hold the office 
of secretary in the Northwestern Fruit Growers’ Association. 
