56 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
IV ; one-year-old apple grafts badly infested with canker 
worms. This block was sprayed early in June with the green 
arsenite, i pound to 100 gallons of water. A second applica¬ 
tion of the poison was unnecessary. 
Results. — I'he green arsenite at i pound to 150 gallons of 
water had but little effect on the beetles. Where the stronger 
mixture was applied the effect was very apparent, after the 
second application. But few live beetles could be found, and 
after the third application no further injury to the stock was 
noticed. Although most of the spraying was done on a bright 
warm day, the most tender leaves did not show the slightest 
indications of having been burned by the green arsenite. 
Block IV was freed from canker worms by one application of 
the poison at the strength stated. 
Conclusions. —While these experiments should be carried 
further before final conclusions are reached, the results indi¬ 
cate that young grafts may be safely sprayed with the green 
arsenite, 1 pound to 100 gallons of water, provided enough 
lime is added to give the mixture a “milky” appearance. It 
may here be stated that it is important to add the lime as it 
not only makes the mixture spread and adhere to the leaf 
better, but prevents burning the foliage. 
SPRAYING CUT-LEAVED BIRCH. 
These trees constituted a small block in one of the Geneva 
nurseries. Nearly all of the trees were badly infested with 
thrips. These are very small, almost microscopic insects 
which feed on the soft parts of the leaves soon causing them 
to wither and die. They are frequently very injurious, and 
are well known to both gardeners and fruit growers. They 
are hard to reach with insecticides as they fly away as soon as 
disturbed by the spray mixture. The trees in question were 
beginning to show the injury which the insects were causing 
before spraying was done. In all cases much pains was taken 
to wet both upper and under surfaces of the leaves. 
Experiments. —About the middle of June the block was 
sprayed with a solution of whale oil soap, 1 pound to 7 gallons 
of water. After waiting two days no beneficial results were 
apparent. The block was again sprayed with whale oil soap, 
1 pound to 4 gallons of water. This had the effect of keeping 
the insects away for a few days but injured the foliage slightly 
during one or two warm bright days which followed the appli¬ 
cation of the soap. In about six days from this last applica¬ 
tion the trees were again sprayed, this time with whale oil 
soap, 1 pound to 7 gallons of water, with the addition of 
flowers of sulphur, 1 oz. to each gallon of solution. This 
proved much more effectual than either of the other applica¬ 
tions. Another application of the soap solution with the 
sulphur added was made a week later. Although this species 
of thrips continued abundant throughout the season on other 
ornamentals in the immediate vicinity of the block of birch, 
no further injury of a serious nature resulted to the sprayed 
trees. 
Conclusions. —These experiments indicate that thrips can 
be held in check by a whale oil soap solution, 1 pound to 7 
gallons of water, with the addition of 1 oz. of flowers of sul¬ 
phur to each gallon of the solution when attacking trees simi¬ 
lar to the cut-leaved birch. It should be remembered that it 
is important that the leaves should be drenched on both upper 
and under surfaces. 
Experiments for the fumigation of nursery stock have 
only just begun. Fumigating nursery stock is usually done 
for the purpose of killing San Jose scale. If fumigation 
can be made practical in the large cellars used by nurserymen 
it will be an inexpensive way to treat a large amount of stock, 
and a preventive to the spread not only of the San Jose scale, 
but other insects such as the woolly aphis, bud moth, pistol- 
case-bearer and other injurious species. Experiments along 
this line are being conducted in the insectary at the Station 
and in one of the large frost proof cellars of the Chase Brothers 
Nursery Co., at Rochester. The cellar is 80 ft. long, 40 ft 
wide and 16 ft. high. This was filled with fruit trees of all 
varieties and fumigated with hydrocyanic acid gas. Before 
the gas was generated, twigs infested with the woolly aphis 
and the pistol-case-bearer were placed in different parts of the 
cellar including the remotest parts and under some of the piles 
of trees. The trees were exposed all night, 14 hours. The 
temperature in the cellar was a little above freezing. The 
twigs were carefully examined and all of the lice were dead. 
The pistol-case-bearers are apparently dead, but are being kept 
in the insectary awaiting results when it becomes time for them 
to revive. 
©bituaiT. 
Dr. Joseph Albert Lintner, state entomologist of New York, 
died May 5th, at Rome, Italy. He had been curator of the 
entomological department of the New York State Museum 
since 1868, and state entomologist since the creation of that 
office in 1880. Dr Lintner was born in Schoharie County, on 
February 8, 1882, and was graduated from Schoharie Academy 
in 1837. Up to 1867 he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. 
Then he became zoological assistant in the New York State 
Museum of Natural History. Dr. Lintner was a member of a 
score or more of scientific associations in the United States 
and Europe ; had been president of the department of natural 
science in the Albany Institute since 1879 ; was for two years 
president of the Entomological Club of the American Associa¬ 
tion for the Advancement of Science ; and was made Ph. D. 
by the Regents of the University in 1884. His publications 
on economic entomology were voluminous and were exten¬ 
sively copied in both American and European scientific jour¬ 
nals. It was he who discovered the clover midget and clover 
beetle. His scientific papers down to July, 1887, number 413. 
Officially he published “ Report on the Injurious and Other 
Insects of the State of New York,” and “ Report of the State 
Entomologist.” 
By the death of the Hon. James F. C. Hyde, which occurred 
on May 1, at his home in Newton, Mass., the state lost a very 
prominent agriculturist and horticulturist. Mr. Hyde was 
born in what is now Newton Highlands, more than seventy 
years ago. After graduating from school he was associated 
with his father in the nursery business for some time. He 
served for a number of years on the State Board of Agriculture, 
and was for four years president of the Massachusetts Horti¬ 
cultural Society. When a young man Mr. Hyde interested 
himself in politics and when Newton became a city, to him 
was entrusted the honor of being its first mayor. He was very 
widely respected and revered by his townspeople. 
Alpheus Truett, nurseryman, died at Franklin, Tenn., May 
2d, aged seventy-four years. 
Edmund H Hart, a well-known writer on sub-tropical hor¬ 
ticulture died at Federal Point, Fla., April 22d. 
