THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
57 
SPRAY CALENDAR. 
The following directions regarding spraying, prepared by 
the late Professor E. G. Lodeman and revised by H. P. 
Gould, have been issued by the horticultural division of the 
Cornell Experiment Station, Ithaca, N. Y.: 
Apple. — Scab. (1. Copper sulphate solution before buds break). 
2. Bordeaux mixture when leaf buds are open, but before flower buds 
expand. 3. Repeat 2 as soon as blossoms have fallen. 4. Bordeaux 
mixture 10 to 14 days after the third. (5-6. Repeat 4 at intervals of 
about two weeks).— Canker Worm. 1. When first caterpillars appear 
apply Paris green very thoroughly. 2. Repeat 1 afler 8 to 10 days. (3-4. 
Repeat every 10 days if necessary).— Bad-moth. 1. As soon as leaf 
tips appear in buds, Paris green. 2. Repeat 1 before the blossom buds 
open. (3. Repeat 2 when blossoms have fallen. — Codling-moth. 1. 
Paris green immediately after blossoms have fallen. 2. Repeat 1, 7 to 
10 days later. (3-4. Paris green at intervals of 1 to 3 weeks after 2, 
especially if later broods are troublesome). Paris green may be added 
to the Bordeaux mixture and the two applied together with excellent 
effect. Case-bearer. As for bud moth. Ban Jose scale. Apply whale- 
oil soap, 2 lbs. to a gallon of water, when trees are dormant, or kero¬ 
sene and water in proportion of 1 to 4. Apply latter preferably in 
spring. 
Cherry. — Black-knot. See plum.— Rot. 1. When buds break, Bor¬ 
deaux mixture. 2. When fruit has set, repeat 1. 3. When fruit is 
grown, ammouiacal copper carbonate.— Aphis. 1. Kerosene emulsion 
when insects appear. 2-3. Repeat at intervals of 3 to 4 days if neces¬ 
sary.— Slug. 1. When insects appear, arsenites, hellebore or air-slaked 
lime. 2-3. Repeat 1 in 10 to 14 days if necessary. 
Currant. — Leaf-blight. 1. When injury first appears, before the 
fruit is harvested, ammoniacal copper carbonate, to avoid staining the 
fruit. 2. After fruit is harvested, Bordeaux mixture freely applied. 
3. Repeat 2 when necessary.— Worm. 1. When first larvm appear, 
arsenites. 2. Repeat 1 when necessary until fruit is half grown. 3. 
Use hellebore if any worms remain after fruit is half grown. 
Gooseberry. — Mildew. 1. Before buds break, Bordeaux mixture. 
2. When first leaves have expanded, potassium sulphide. 3-4, etc. 
Repeat 2 at intervals of 7 to 10 days, if necessary throughout the sum¬ 
mer. Currant Worm, see under currant. 
Grape. — Anthracnose. 1. Before buds break in spring, sulphate of 
iron and sulphuric acid solution. 2. Repeat 1 after 3 or 4 days to 
cover untreated portions.— Black-rot. (1. As soon as first leaves are 
fully expanded, Bordeaux mixture). 2. After fruit has set, Bordeaux 
mixture. 3. Repeat 2 at intervals of 2 to 3 three weeks until fruit is £ 
grown. 4. Ammoniacal copper carbonate when fruit is nearly grown. 
5-6, etc. Repeat 4 at intervals of 7 to 14 days as required.— Downey 
mildew. Powdery mildew, the first application recommended under Black- 
rot is of especial importance. Ripe-rot . apply very thoroughly the 
later applications recommended under Black-rot. — Steely-bug. 1. As 
buds are swelling, arsenites. 2. After 10 to 14 days, repeat 1. 
Nursery Stock. — Fungous diseases. 1. When first leaves appear, 
Bordeaux mixture. 2-3, etc. Repeat 1 at intervals of 10 to 14 days 
to keep foliage well covered. 
Peach, Nectarine, Apricot. — Broxcn-rot. Before buds swell, 
copper sulphate solution. (2. Before flowers open, Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture). 3. When fruit has set, repeat 2. 4. Repeat after 10 to 14 days. 
5. When fruit is nearly grown, ammoniacal copper carbonate. 6-7, 
etc. Repeat 5 at intervals of 5 to 7 days if necessary. 
Pear. — Blight. 1. Cut out all affected branches in fall before leaves 
drop. 2. Repeat 1 whenever necessary during growing season. All 
branches should be cut 6 to 10 inches below point of infection. Leaf- 
blight or Fruit-spot. Leaf-spot. 1. Before blossoms open, Bordeaux 
mixture. 2. After blossoms have fallen, repeat 1. 3-4, etc. Repeat 
1 at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks as appears necessary. For I,eaf-spot in 
detail see Bulletin 145. Scab see under apple.— Leaf-blister. 1. Before 
buds swell in spring, kerosene emulsion, diluted 5 to 7 times. Psylla. 
1. When first leaves have unfolded in spring, kerosene emulsion dilut¬ 
ed 15 times or whale-oil soap, 1 lb. to 10 gallons of water. 2-3, etc. 
At intervals of 2 to 6 days, repeat 1 until the insects are destroyed. 
Slug. See under cherry.— S<m Jose scale. Codling-moth. See under 
apple. 
Plum. — Brown-rot. See under peach.— Leaf-blight. (1. When first 
leaves have unfolded, Bordeaux mixture). 2 . When fruit has set, 
Bordeaux mixture. 3 - 4 , etc. Repeat 2 at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks, 
use a clear fungicide after fruit is £ grown.— Black-knot. 1 . During 
first warm days of early spring, Bordeaux mixture. 2. Repeat 1 when 
buds are swelling. 3 . During latter part of May, repeat 1. 4 Repeat 
1 during middle of June. ( 5 . Repeat 1 in July). See Bulletin 81 .— 
Curculio, spraying is not always satisfactory ; jar the trees after fruit 
has set. at intervals of 1 to 3 days during 2 to 5 w T eeks. Plum scale. 
1 . In autumn when leaves have fallen, kerosene emulsion, diluted 4 
times. 2 - 3 . In spring, before buds open, repeat 1 . See Bulletin 108 . 
— San Jose scale. See under apple. 
Quince. — Leafblight or fruit-spot. (1. When blossom buds appear, 
Bordeaux mixture). 2 . When fruit has set, repeat 1 . 3 - 4 , etc. 
Repeat 1 at intervals of two weeks, until fruit is £ grown ; if latter 
treatments are necessary, ammoniacal copper carbonate. 
Raspberry, Blackberry, Dewberry. — Anthracnose. 1. Before 
buds break copper sulphate solution, also cut out badly infested canes. 
2 . When growth has commenced, Bordeaux mixture. 3 - 4 . etc. 
Repeat 2 at intervals of 1 to 3 weeks, avoid staining fruit by use of 
clear fungicide (Partially successful )— Orange-rust. Remove and 
destroy affected plants as soon as disco vered.—Saw-fly. 1. When first 
leaves have expanded, arsenites. 2 . After 2 to 3 weeks repeat 1 , or 
apply kerosene emulsion (unsatisfactory). 
Rose. — Black-spot. Spray plants once a week with ammoniacal cop¬ 
per carbonate.— Mildew. Keep heating pipes painted with equal parts 
lime and sulphur mixed with water to form a thin paste. Spray with 
copper fungicides.— Aphis, Leaf-hopper. Kerosene emulsion, or tobacco 
water applied to the insects’ bodies at short intervals is effective.— Red 
spider. Apply fine spray of water to the foliage ; keep house as damp 
as possible without injury to plants. 
Str vwberrv. — Leaf-blight, Mildew. 1 . When growth begins in 
spring, Bordeaux mixture. 2 . When first fruits are setting repeat 1. 
3 . After fruiting, or on non bearing plants. Bordeaux mixture at in¬ 
tervals of 1 to 3 weeks.— Saw-fly. Spray plants when not in bearing 
with arsenites, repeating application if necessary. 
FORMULAS. 
The Cornell Experiment Station gives the following 
formulas for spraying applications : 
' Paris Green. —Paris green, 1 pound ; water, 150-300 gallons. If 
this mixture is to be used upon fruit trees, 1 pound of quicklime 
should be added, and repeated applications will injure most foliage, 
unless the lime is used. Paris Green and Bordeaux mixture can be 
applied together with perfect safety. Use at the rate of 4 ounces of the 
arsenites to 50 gallons of the mixture. The action of neither is weak¬ 
ened, and the Paris green loses all caustic properties. For insects 
which chew. 
Normal or 1.6 Per Cent. Bordeaux Mixture. —Copper sulphate 
(blue vitriol), 6 pounds ; quicklime (good stone lime), 4 pounds ; water, 
50 gallons. Dissolve the copper sulphate by putting it in a bag of 
coarse cloth and hanging this in a vessel containing 4 to 6 gallons of 
water. Use an earthen or wooden vessel. After the copper sulphate is 
dissolved, dilute with water to 25 gallons. Slake the lime and add 25 
gallons of w r ater. Mix the two and keep thoroughly stirred while 
using. If the mixture is to be used on peach foliage it is desirable to 
add two pounds of lime in the above formula. When applied to such 
plants as carnations or cabbages it will adhere better if about a pound 
of hard soap be dissolved in hot water and added to the mixture. For 
rots, moulds, mildews, and all fungous diseases. 
Iron Sulphate and Sulphuric Acid Solution. —Water (hot), 100 
parts; iron sulphate, as much as the water will dissolve ; sulphuric 
acid (commercial), 1 part. The solution should be prepared just before 
using. Add the acid to the crystals, and then pour on the water. 
Valuable for grape anthracnose, the dormant vines being treated by 
means of sponges or brushes. 
Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate.— Copper carbonate, 5 ounces; 
ammonia ( 26 " Beaune), 3 pints ; water, 45 gallons. Make a paste of 
the copper carbonate with a little water. Dilute the ammonia with 7 
or 8 volumes of water. Add the paste to the diluted ammonia and stir 
