372 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
t ifill. Var. atropurpurea has dark purple folded leaves 
and has little to recommend it as an ornamental tree. 
Ulmus laevis. This is the common Elm in some parts 
of Scandinavia, northern Russia, and occurs sparingly in 
Denmark and the Balkan States. This tree is very 
closely related to Ulmus americana but differs from it in 
Hie much thicker coating of down on the lower surface 
of the leaves and in the longer and sharp-pointed buds. 
The Arboretum specimen has been growing here since 
1888. and although unfortunately a grafted plant is one 
of the handsomest Elms in the collection, now about fifty 
feet tall with a short trunk eighteen inches in diameter, 
a broad pyramidal head, and dark thick foliage. This 
tree is probably exceedingly rare in American collections. 
It might well be generally introduced into this country as 
it would certainly be hardy in any of the northern states 
and in Canada. It is sometimes called Ulmus pedun- 
nrfata and U. effusa. 
Ulmus minor. This is a small-leaved Elm which is 
common in the eastern counties of England and has been 
reported from western Europe. It is a tree from forty 
to ninety feet tall with short ascending branches and 
pendulous branchlets, and produces suckers freely. It 
is often called Ulmus saliva. There are only young 
grafted plants in the Arboretum. 
Hybrid Elms. A number of natural hybrids between 
Ulmus glabra and U. nitens have appeared in Europe. 
The oldest general name for these hybrids is Ulmus hoU 
landica , and under existing rules of nomenclature the 
different hybrids of the same parentage are considered 
varieties. The best known of these trees in the United 
States is the Huntington Elm. 
Ulmus hollandica, var. vegeta. This tree, which 
was raised in a nursery at Huntington about the middle 
of the eighteenth century, sometimes grows one hundred 
feet high or more, with a massive trunk and ascending or 
spreading branches; it suckers freely and also produces, 
at least in England, large crops of seeds. The Hunting- 
ton Elm can be seen to great advantage in Cambridge¬ 
shire, England, where it has been largely planted, 
especially in Cambridge itself where there is a noble 
avenue of these trees. In New England it grows per¬ 
haps more rapidly than any other Elm-tree, and it is one 
of the best Elms to plant here. 
Ulmus hollandica, var. belgica. This is another hy¬ 
brid probably of the same parentage. It is a tree with a 
'tall rough-barked stem and wide-spreading branches 
which form a broad head covered with dense foliage. It 
was cultivated in Flanders in the eighteenth century and 
for many years has been the principal Elm-tree planted 
by roadsides and in parks in Belgium and Holland. It 
is said that in Belgium it grows more rapidly than any 
other Elm-tree, and that it succeeds better on poor sandy 
soil than any other Elm. As it grows in the streets of 
•he Dutch cities there is certainly no better street tree, 
but it is still too soon to speak of its value or of its rapid¬ 
ity of growth in this country, although the plants in the 
Arboretum are flourishing. This Elm is often sold in 
European nurseries as Ulmus hollandica. There is a 
variety of this tree (var. Dumontii ), with more ascend¬ 
ing branches which form a narrow head. This has been 
planted as a street tree in Europe but is believed to grow 
more slowly than the common form of the Belgian Elm. 
Ulmus hollandica, var. Klemmer is another supposed 
hybrid of the same parentage, and in habit is more fasti- 
giate than the Belgian Elm. This has also been a fav¬ 
orite tree with Belgian and Dutch planters. 
Ulmus hollandica, var. superba. This is probably 
another hybrid of the same parentage and is described 
by European dendrologists as a narrow pyramidal tree; 
it is therefore different from the tree in the Ellwanger & 
Barry Nursery at Rochester, New York, called Ulmus 
puperba, which is probably only a varietal form of Ulmus 
glabra or another hybrid of that species. 
Ulmus hollandica var. major. This is also probably 
an English hybrid of the same parentage; it is a large 
dark-barked tree with wide spreading branches and 
corky branchlets, and suckers freely. This tree is com¬ 
mon in England, and it is the Elm with winged branches 
which is sometimes found in American collections under 
the name of Ulmus campestris. It is often called Ulmus 
hollandica and is sold in European nurseries under that 
name.— Arnold Arboretum Bulletin. 
Bvsiness Movements. 
JOHN WATSON 
Retires from Active Management of Jackson & Perkins 
Co. and Commences Business in His Own Behalf. 
John Watson, who for many years was active in the 
management of the Jackson & Perkins Go., Newark, N. 
Y., and who remains a stockholder and director in that 
company, has discontinued his personal connection with 
the firm and opened an office at Newark, N. Y., where he 
will commence business on his own responsibility. 
He will continue to grow, buy, and sell trees—the 
‘WATSON WAY ,” and will “deliver the goods.” He 
will represent good foreign houses in the sale of fruit- 
tree 
seedlings, 
Manet ti stocks. 
English 
gooseberries, 
