436 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
The main cause of injury to evergreens in the winter 
is lack of moisture at the root". This may be caused 
by the ground being frozen solid, preventing them from 
supplying the green foliage with the necessary supply 
during bright frosty weather. 
Very tender evergreens will come through severe win¬ 
ters bright and green if covered with snow, but all nur¬ 
serymen have noticed the havoc caused to their appear¬ 
ance by a dry frosty wind and bright sunlight in Feb¬ 
ruary and March. 
The past requisite in protecting evergreens in the win¬ 
ter is a good mulching over the roots, so as to retain 
moisture and prevent excessive freezing. The second 
to protect them from the sun and wind when frozen. 
Tying up with straw, corn stalks, etc., is a good way 
but it should not be done in a way to exclude the air, and 
every nurseryman will have to figure out the best way 
for his own particular conditions. 
Very often natural screens or windbreaks give all the 
.shelter needed. We do not make enough use of these 
windbreaks in the nurseries. It is only necessary to 
study natural conditions in the woods to realize what 
a difference such shelter means to other plants. We 
have a lot to learn yet about plants and it is difficult to 
estimate the loss of vigor due to excessive exposure that 
may not amount to very apparent injury. 
Every grower knows that growth can be measurably 
retarded and yet the plants are apparently all right. 
In mechanical fields of research, the preservation of 
'lost energy is a great and vital problem. 
May be some day the nurseryman will find out his 
plants are losing much that he could have conserved to 
his own pecuniary advantage. 
A block of 300,000 Peach Seedlings grown from N. C. Natural Peach Buds and have just been budded and will 
be ready for delivery Fall 1916 and Spring 1917. Wes tminster Nurseries, Westminster, Md., J. E. Stoner, 
Proprietor. Photographed August 15th. 
WOOD PAVING BLOCKS 
Many woods have been tried for pavements in the 
United Kingdom. Jarrah was introduced, but proved 
unsatisfactory, wearing and breaking off at the corners 
and edges and producing a very rutty pavement. Red 
gum from the United States likewise gave poor service. 
The use of oak was discontinued some 12 years ago on 
'the ground of expense. Pitch pine from the United 
States was also tried, but it did not wear evenly and pro¬ 
duced a rough pavement. Canadian white spruce was 
laid on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London 12 
years ago with an 8-pound treatment of creosote per 
cubic foot and is still in excellent condition. 
Without exception, the wood-block pavement laid in 
Great Britain now is Swedish and Russian redwood 
(Pinus sylvestris). The specifications issued by the 
municipal engineers throughout the country admit this 
wood and no other, the one exception being the specifi¬ 
cation for the borough of Westminster, London, which 
admits Canadian spruce, red pine, or Douglas fir.— Daily 
Commerce Reports. 
