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THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
he will probably mislead the scientist or inspector to avoid the 
ruination of his trade. Over there every farmer sent his 
doubtful cases to the scientist because he knew that he would 
find there a friend and helpmate in his distress, 
“ If you will combat with this invading enemy successfully 
every one should put his hand to the plough. Do not be dis¬ 
couraged, but much must be done. Not in dividing the coun¬ 
try but in unity lies the victory. The plain fact is that the 
San Jose scale, a native from California, has been spread ac¬ 
cidently through some Eastern states, and that is not a reason 
to be alarmed. With a little common sense and perseverence 
we can stamp it out without making obnoxious laws. But 
these must be worked for, it is not enough that we know the 
history of the scale and its distribution and that only profes¬ 
sors know how it looks. It is necessary that every farmer and 
every man who works in the nurseries know the scale at sight, 
especially the latter, for they are the men who get every tree 
separately in their hands and come in corners of the nurseries 
where the nurseryman seldom comes himself. But how can 
we get him to know ? The task is not so impossible and the 
cost is not so great if only good measures are taken. 
PLAN OF PROCEDURE. 
“ Let the American Association of Nurserymen combine 
with other farmer and gardener societies, and if the funds are 
not sufficient let them say so. We all are willing to put our 
hands in our pockets and give according to our means and in¬ 
terest, for we knpw that it is for our orchards and homes, but 
above all for the liberty of our trade. Let them make life- 
sized samples of the scale in color from glass or wax, just as 
it attacks the tree, and also lithograph plates as they did in 
Holland, and you will see the result. The government which 
at this moment hesitates for a task where it sees no end of the 
trouble and cost, will be eager to help you in the good work, 
place the official business stamp on your packages and send 
them to every mayor in every place in the country from New 
York to California and from Maine to Mexico—free of charge. 
The mayor in his turn will put them in every place and in 
every home where it can do any good. Your boys do not love 
their country less than we did, are willing to tramp through 
the orchards and parks and fields and see if they can find any 
scales, and when they do, show them to their teachers who 
can compare them with the samples in the boxes, and when 
they are in doubt bring them to the mayor, who can send them 
to the experiment station, and the gentlemen who for four 
years so gallantly fought in the uneven battle will be found 
ready to aid with advice. In this way you can find the breed¬ 
ing nests of these pests in very short time, and can take the 
measures according to circumstances. 
“You will hardly find a farmer who is not willing to sacri¬ 
fice his infested trees to save those which can be saved, as he 
knows he has to give them up to the insect in the near future, 
so to oppose will do no good to him, and for the same reason 
you will not find a gentleman who is not willing to give up his 
most loved tree as he can not save it in any way, and if he op¬ 
poses, the condemnation of his neighbors will compel him to 
submit. 
“ The nurseryman will not longer submit to the inevitable 
inspection, but will be eager to inspect every corner of his 
nursery and have it free of disease, because he is afraid to 
lose his trade and to be stigmatized as a traitor who sells his 
country for a few dollars. For those reasons he will do more 
than for all forcible means tfgether. He will burn his in¬ 
fested stock and teach his help how to detect scales, and if he 
finds a doubtful case he will not dare to send it out for fear 
that his customers may detect his fraud. 
“You may say some of the nurserymen may be hit too hard 
and have to burn more than they can afford to do. Well in 
such a case, gentlemen, we all remember well the time that we 
were children and divided our candy with our playmates and 
in later years we divided our pennies and our pocket money 
with our chums. In such a case let him call on the trade in 
his distress and we will be boys again. A carload of trees is 
soon loaded. 
“I do not need to say that there is little danger of import¬ 
ing this scale from European shores, and by this plan of 
defense you have no need for any obnoxious interstate laws, 
but you can work united, and in unity lies the victory. 
“ Now, gentlemen, I have stated my opinion plainly and it is 
open for discussion; but do not talk about the incompetence 
of our mayors and our teachers; there is not such a lot of 
knowledge needed to compare the scales found with the sam¬ 
ples in the boxes or on the plates and if they are in doubt the 
experimental stations are there to decide and bring advice 
and enlightment. 
“I do not think that I have common sense alone in my 
possession, but I expect you will help me to bring this plan to 
perfection and into action. Do not talk long; there has been 
talking enough. The scale has a long start, so that it is time 
to act and act quickly. Think that the beauty of the country, 
your homes and orchards, but above all the liberty of the trade 
is at stake.” 
THE SCALE IN MARYLAND. 
A despatch to the Baltimore Sun from College Park, Md., 
dated September i6, says : “Professor W. G. Johnson, state 
entomologist, has completed inspection of the nurseries of the 
state and says that, on the whole, they are in very much bet¬ 
ter condition than one year ago. He has issued certificates to 
all the nurserymen covering their stock. All trees that were 
diseased in any way have been destroyed. He ako says that 
every suggestion and recommendation made by him has been 
carried out to the letter. 
“ The largest peach orchard in the state was recently found 
to be infested with the San Jose scale,” says Professor John¬ 
son. “The orchard contains over 28,000 trees, about 13,000 
of which are leafless and dead from the attacks of this insect. 
The most of the remaining trees are in such an unhealthy 
condition they will all be pulled out and burned this fall. 
The orchard was set out in 1890-91. Another orchard con¬ 
sisting of 2,500 trees, planted flve years ago, was discovered 
last week in a very badly infested condition. About 1,000 
trees are now dead and the balance so badly infested they 
cannot be saved. In both instances these orchards could 
have been saved if they had been inspected shortly after the 
first trees showed signs of disease. If a tree dies the first, 
second, or even the third year after it is set in an orchard, a 
careful examination should be made to ascertain, if possible, 
what caused death. If it is due to the San Jose scale, then 
the other trees should be looked after without delay.” 
