THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
165 
only disfigured the fruit but had injured the foliage so that 
the fruit could not mature. In point of fact, however, the 
scab destroyed much of the fruit early in the season. He 
showed the effect of spraying, by samples from the station 
orchard, and said that the gain by the treatment had been 
more than four bushels per tree, taking the average of the 
whole orchard. The treatment on Baldwin and Northern 
Spy paid more than $5 per tree, at a cost of less than 20 cents 
per tree. 
•Professor F. M. Webster, state entomologist, presented ento¬ 
mological notes for the year. Insects occur every year and com¬ 
mit their depredations, but it is not the rule that they work 
continually in the same areas or that the depredations are 
caused by the same insects. The chinch bug has been de¬ 
structive for the last four years in Ohio, but during this time 
it has not been seriously destructive over any wide area two 
years. 
An insect appeared in Southern Ohio and was destroying 
the Carolina poplars in nurseries, and now there appears 
another bug that kills the young of the first and is preventing 
further trouble. 
The San Jose scale occurs in 23 counties in Ohio, and there 
are nearly double that number of outbreaks in the state. 
These are all being closely watched, and 49 nurseries in the 
state have been inspected during the last few months. Some 
prompt state and national legislation was recommended. There 
was an animated discussion as to what should be done to sup¬ 
press the San Jose scale. Additional protective legislation to 
that afforded by the present statute was generally urged. 
Accordingly, a committee consisting of N. H. Albaugh, J. J. 
Harrison, W. N. Owen, W. W. Farnsworth, F. M. Webster, 
A. D. Selby and O. W. Aldrich, was appointed to recommend 
and secure the passage of needed legislation upon San Jose 
scale, yellows, black knot and other dangerous diseases or 
insects. 
F. E. Carr, of Lakewood, read a paper on the varieties of 
trees, shrubs, plants and vines suitable for use in planting home 
grounds and methods of using them. The need of beautify¬ 
ing the small city or suburban lots was dwelt upon. 
F. E. Carr exhibited ii varieties of gourds and E. A. Riehl 
showed a very fine plate of Nix late cling peaches. The 
Sirocco Dust Sprayer Co., of Unionville, O., exhibited two 
spraying machines. 
The following officers were elected : E. H. Cushman, presi¬ 
dent, Euclid ; W. M. Scarff, vice-president. New Carlisle ; 
W. W. Farnsworth, secretary, Waterville ; N. Ohmer, treas¬ 
urer, Dayton. 
CALIFORNIA. 
At the state fruit growers’ convention at Sacramento there 
was much talk of plans for increasing the facilities and decreas¬ 
ing the cost for transportation of fruits from the Pacific coast 
to eastern markets. It is asked that fruit trains be run on 
passenger time. A resolution by E. M. Ehrhorn of San Jose, 
requesting the secretary of agriculture to ask the postmaster- 
general to allow inspection of plants sent through the mail to 
prevent introduction of insect pests, was adopted. 
A committee of fifty was appointed to raise a fund of 
$10,000 to send an exhibit of fruits to the Paris exposition. 
Quarantine Officer Alexander Craw read a paper on horti¬ 
cultural quarantine, in which he said in part: “When the rules 
and regulations of the State Board of Horticulture of California 
were adopted and put into force, they created considerable 
friction and ill feeling among eastern nurserymen and tree and 
plant importers, who inferred that they were aimed directly at 
their business, and retaliatory measures were threatened. 
Time, however, has convinced them that California was justi¬ 
fied in such a course and instead of retaliating they are now 
urging similar regulations for their own states.” 
He gave the contents of a measure drawn up by a convention 
of horticulturists in Washington, D. C., last March, criticizing 
some of its provisions. Evidently Mr. Craw has not heard 
that those who were most active in proposing the bill sug¬ 
gested at the Washington convention have since declared 
their intention of supporting a measure prepared at the annual 
convention of nurserymen at St. Louis last June. 
In closing, Mr. Craw said that California’s present system 
of quarar tine and orchard inspection was recently investigated 
by a representative of the department of agriculture from 
Washington, D. C., and most favorably reported on. 
A. P. Hayne of the state university, said that every one of 
the millions of vines in the state that are not on resistant stocks 
are doomed to certain destruction unless a remedy is found, 
the danger being from phylloxera. The American resistant 
stocks being used in California are twenty years behind the 
times, having been tried elsewhere and failed. The Anaheim 
disease is more to be dreaded than the phylloxera and has 
already destroyed over 30,000 acres of the finest vineyards. 
Its cause is not known and there is no remedy known for it. 
Cuttings can be cleaned of phylloxera, but rooted vines cannot, 
neither can the Anaheim disease be killed. 
George Hussman of Napa, disagreed with Professor Hayne, 
stating that if cuttings were taken in the winter time they 
would not distribute phylloxera and disinfectants would only 
weaken them. 
MICHIGAN. 
The twenty-seventh annual meeting of the Michigan Horti¬ 
cultural Society was held at Ithaca, December 1-3. 
Special interest was manifested in the inspection of nurseries 
and orchards. Professor U. B. Hedrick, state inspector of 
nurseries under the new law, read a paper on the subject, and 
O. E. Fifield presen'ed the bill prepared and adopted by the 
American Association of Nurserymen at its convention in St. 
Louis last June. 
When this bill had been read, a resolution fully endorsing it 
was passed. The secretary was instructed to forward a copy 
to each Michigan member of congress. 
In his paper on “ State Inspection of Nurseries” Professor 
Hedrick said: “There is urgent need of state inspection 
under the law of 1895, amended in 1897, as a protection against 
the spread of pests and plant diseases. The one from which 
the most is to be feared is the San Jose scale, which is devastat¬ 
ing orchards of fruit and ornamental trees and shrubbery in 
other states, notably New Jersey, Ohio and Illinois. Some 
shipments of infected trees have been destroyed after having 
been imported from an eastern nursery.” 
C. N. Sterns, of Kalamazoo, in some observations on fruit 
growing in 1897, pointed out the great need for more attention 
being given to pruning and trimming in order to produce a 
better grade of product, also for a more thorough system of 
distribution of the fruit. He said the state was getting a bad 
reputation for unreliable packing of fruits, so that parties 
buying or selling in large quantities could not guarantee uni- 
