T\\ K X A T10 X A L X 0 K' S K Y ^ 1A X 
4l)S 
fonu's from tho pivssos it is irround vorv lino and pressed 
into lari^i' Hat sheets. 
1 am a snhseriber to yonr valuable maijazine and am 
writinir to yon Ibinkinir that [)erbaps yon eonld help me 
or refei' me to some one who eonld. 
Yours trnlv. 
K. Y. \Y. 
.Vnswer We do not know of a maebine that is maiui' 
faetnred for separatinir the seed from the pnmiee of 
apples and pears. We do not think, however, it would 
be a very ditlienlt matter to eonstrnet one with the aid 
of an intelliijent earpenler. 
Yon w ill tind the best proeess to separate the seed from 
the j)nmiee will be by water, very nuieb in the same w'ay 
that free irold is separated from sand. The pnmiee ean 
be tl(Kded otV w hile the seed, beinix heavier, will sink to 
the bottom. If the tliimes are built so that the tlow of 
water is not too rapid and will give ample time for the 
pnmiee to be tboroiigbly separated from the seed it will 
be satisfaetory. The seed that tloats otY w itb the pnmiee 
will be found to be empty shells. After the seed has 
been washed out by this proeess. it should be laid very 
tbinlv over tine sieves so as to be tboroiiirblv dried as 
* ^ » 
quiekly as possible. 
If yon will take a little of the pnmiee and experiment 
with it in a shallow vessel, the proeess w'ill ivadily sug¬ 
gest itself to yon and yon will be able to build a maebine 
that w ill take eaiv of yonr output. 
Yery truly yours. 
Kiutou. 
HOW TO MARK TABOli C.OXTKNT 
An (ieliveird befoir the Seventh Annual Con¬ 
vention of the Cafifovnia A,^soeiation of yursen/men at 
San Jose. October tO. 1911 
By Ma.v J. Croiv, Oitroy. Cal. 
S INO.K Bivsident Coates assigned me this subjeet T 
have asked for pointei*s and suggestions, for 
methods or ideas from a givat many employei's of 
labor in varied industries: and not a single man of them 
all has opened his heart and given me a solution of the 
pivblem. It seems to be as givat a puzzle to them as T 
eonfess it is to me. 
We all employ men in our nurseries, and we all know 
the aggra\ation. worry and ofttimes serious loss oe- 
easioued by our good men going to a so-ealled better job. 
or demanding higher wages than we ean possibly atTord 
to pay. I ventuiv the assertion that every nui'seryman 
pivsent has had the experienee of earrying moiv men 
than weiv ivally needed through slaek seasons of the 
year in onler to have experieneed help w hen the rush of 
budding or the strain and hurry of the shipping season 
eomes on. only to luue fivm one to several "pull their 
fivight" about the time their serviees w ould yield a protit 
rather than a loss. 
We fivquently ivad in the periodieals of the very un- 
satisfaetorv eonditions under whieh men and even wo¬ 
men and ehildivn aiv ivquiml to work. Most harivw- 
ing tale< eome to us fivm time to time, tales of long 
houi's, unsanitary eonditions. |hhu' food, rough tivatment 
and just enough wagt's to keep body and soul togi'ther. 
But 1 have yet to hear a single eomplaint in these re- 
speets regarding a nurseryman. So far as I have ob¬ 
served or have been able to aseertain. where board and 
lodging go w ith the job. onr men are better houseil and 
fed and are paid better wages than in any other braneh 
of agrieulture. eapability eonsidered: and furthermore, 
our ivirular men have work the vear round and usuallv 
for as many years as their restlessness will permit their 
staying on one job. But in spite of all this the usual 
term of a good man's serviee is from one to two years- - 
rarely three. 
There are. 1 should sav. amonij the white raees we em- 
ploy, three distinet elasses of men. First, there is the 
bright, eapable young fellow of good habits who would 
in time be ideal if we eonld keep him on the job: but in 
this eountry he has so many opportunities for going it on 
his own hook in some line of agrieulture. that he soon 
graduates as a w age earner and is in business for him¬ 
self. 1 should say ninety per eent. of our best white 
nursery workers are lost to us in this way. Tn another 
elass are those who feel that any kind of manual labor 
is degrading: that any one paying them w'ages is an iron- 
heeled oppressor of the poor: they "aeeept a position" as 
a favor to the employer and proudly earn* a ehip on the 
shoulder, ready to quit the job at the slightest word or 
suggestion or eritieism of their poor work. Tn still 
another elass are good, eapable men. some w*ell drilled 
in nurserv w ork and reallv worth irood w a^res: but John 
* « <. 
Barleyeorn has a mortgage on them and foreeloses at 
. frequent intervals, so the length of serviee of one of these 
men is the length of time between sprees, usually from 
one pay day to the next. Can anyone tell me how it is 
possible to eontent the men of any of these elasses for 
anv leiiirth of lime? The men of the first elass eannol 
be expeeted to eonlinue as wage earners indefinitely, or 
after thev have saved enoiiirh to start working for them- 
• ^ ^ 
selves: we must admire this trait in them. The seeond 
and third elasses w e ean use only in a pineh. and usually 
the pineh outlasts the man. 
In faee of these eonditions we are severely eritieised 
w*hen we ivsort to the use of the Oriental. The Jap¬ 
anese and the Chinese are peeuliarly adapted to nursery 
work. While not averaging as strong physieally as 
the w lutes, vet the most of them are irood. steadv workers 
ft V ft 
and aeeoinplish as inueh or nioiv: they learn quiekly and 
soon beeome adept budders and grafters and good pro- 
pagatoi's. Tf eomfortably housed in aeeordanee w*ith 
their standards, many of them will stay year after year. 
The idea seems to pivvail that the reason for einploy- 
iin; Orientals so larirelv in our nurseries is on aeeount of 
V V ft _ 
their supposed w illingness to work for low w ages. This 
is not true: it is now neeessary to pay the Japanese and 
the Chinaman praetieally the same seale as the white 
man. The ival ivason for our employing them is be- 
eause they aiv moiv dependable as a elass: beeause they 
stay with the job and we don't have to bivak in a new 
eivw eaeh season: beeause. onee taught budding and 
grafting, they will prodiiee ivsults year after year: be¬ 
eause thev never iret drunk: beeause thev never ask for 
ft V ft 
moiv money than they ean possilily get elsewheiv: and 
beeause they haven't the feeling that manual labor is 
demeaning. 
With the war drawing thousands upon thousands of 
