THE NATION AH NURSERYMAN 
411 
not seoni to ho any carefully prepared records to deter¬ 
mine which iiKdliod is preferahle. 
Hlack-IIeaht 
Another condition coininonly known as “hlack-heai1” 
is often found in nurseries, hut is most serious in or- 
chai'ds frotn three to ei^^ht years old. Here again apri¬ 
cots are more susceptihle than most other trees. The 
growth is iiormal until about the first or middle of June 
when the leaves at the tip of a hranch will rather sud¬ 
denly. This w illing may extend to other hranches and 
in some instances over the whole tree. The first indi¬ 
cations of the disease may appear any lime after June 
even until late in the fall when the leaves are about 
ready to change color naturally. If very late the char¬ 
acteristic wilting may not he very perceptible, hut i[i its 
stead will he a tendency to premature ripening of the 
leaves. In case of J une or J uly will a few weak yellow¬ 
ish leaves may grow later, hut they never amount to 
anything. Except in very severe cases the portion of 
the tree below the will will start and grow normally the 
next spring. The disease may or may not appear later. 
The fact that a few trees in an orchard are aflecled does 
not mean that all the trees will become so. Neither does 
it mean that the particular diseased trees are going to die. 
A few may die hut if proper precautions are ohseiwed 
most of them should make good trees. Examination of 
a cross section of an aflecled lirnh shows brown or black 
heartwood which has given rise to the local name “black- 
heart.” Investigations carried on by the Department of 
Plant Pathology of our State Experiment Station show 
this trouble to he caused by a fungus growing in the 
wood. We do not as yet how or when it enters. There 
is no known remedy, it seems to he much more prevalent 
in iriigated rapid growing, than non-irrigated slower 
growing trees. This is particularly noticeable in or- 
i hards'inter-cropped with tomatoes which require much 
irrigation and permits comj)aratively little cultivation. 
While this disease cannot he wholly prevented much can 
he done to keep it down. Keep the soil moisture constant 
and moderate by repeated cultivations rather than by ir- 
rigatiofi. If the land must he irrigated, do not wait until 
the growth of the tree has been checked and do not apply 
an excessive amount of water. Endeavor to keep the 
trees growing constantly hut not too ra[)idly during the 
entire gr’ow ing [)eriod. “Dlackheart” is not a very pre¬ 
valent disease in nursery stock. The time to inspect foi‘ 
it is when the trees are being headed hack for planting 
or just aftei' being [jlanted. In the case of apricot trees 
at least all those showing black or brown heart wood 
should he discarded. 
Rochester, N. Y., November vi, 1917. 
National NurseryFiian, 
llathoro. Pa. 
(lentlemen;— 
Enclosed jjlease find subscription to The National 
Nuesehy.mAN'. Your last issue was especially interest¬ 
ing. 
Yours truly, 
Irving Rouse. 
THE EUTLME OE PECANS 
Portion of paper Head hij H. L. Sfott, Senj. Cih'onelle 
Sarsenj & Orrfmrd Co., CUronette, Ala., He fore tke 
Meelirif/ of IHe Sontliern Xurseri/aien’.s 
AssorialAon, Atlanta, (Ja. 
The Paper Shell Pecan is a term which is apjilied to 
the standard varieties which are being propagated and 
put on the market as being superior to what is commonly 
known as seedlings and 'I'exas nuts which grow wild in 
that country among the many standard and ap[jroved 
varieties ot nuts there are many that are not as thin 
shell as the tei in paper shell indicates. Rut this does imt 
deter from the high (juality and popularity of same, we 
believe that the {lecan industry is only in its infancy 
therefore its greatness lies in the future. In discussing 
the subject, the question is always asked will not the 
business he over done, and looking into the future this 
is the most important (juestion to answer. 
All things are good or had by comparison, prices are 
fixed by the supjdy and demand with something better 
or something not so good as the basis to regulate the 
price. The greatest consumption of nuts in this coun¬ 
try is the English or Persian walnut with which you are 
all familiar. This nut is being grown very extensively 
in California, hut the hulk of wliat is used is imported 
as will he shown by figures given later. 
I wish to state, and I do not fear that the statement 
will he disputed that the Paper Shell pecan is as far 
ahead of the English or Persian walnut as day is ahead 
of night and I will state further that the jiecan can he 
produced in the coast country as cheap as the walnut 
can in (California. And there is being planted today in 
California one hundred walnut trees to every pecan tree 
{ilanted in the coast country, and just think the price of 
walnuts ranges around 12c per jiound. If (California 
can make money at these prices the South Land should 
grow rich. The consumjition of nut products can oidy 
he shown by (jnoting from government reports, the pro¬ 
duction of the English walnut in (California for the year 
191o was 28,600,(f(J(J pounds; for the year 1916 it was 
24,300,000 pounds. The imports of the English walnut 
for the year 1914 was 28,267,699 pounds in the shell and 
8,928,029 pounds of kernels, and for the year 1913, 
22,630,220 pounds in the shell and 14,228,714 pounds of 
kernels. Please note the change in one year the amount 
of shelled nuts nearly doubled and that in the face of the 
fact that the duly is higher on the shelled nuts than 
those in the shell. Please note also that the production 
of 24 to 28 million pounds of nuts in (California had no 
effect on the inqiortations? In fact the imports increased 
year by year which shows that the demand is keeping up 
with the production. 
If the production of pecans ever becomes so great as to 
lower the price any ways near the price of walnuts, the 
