i;u 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
switches may l)e used for i^'rafts, if the operator uii- 
(lei'stands that mode of ])ro])a^i>'ation. 
The rim of hark at tlie lower eud of the hud should 
1)0 ])ai'ed down before th(‘ l)ud is severed from the 
scion. The workman who cuts off a hud before trim- 
miu<>- the ends deserves shar}) re])roof, because the 
job is seldom well done when the hud ])iece is held 
in the tiui>'ers. 
l)uds may he cut from seveu-eii>'hths of an inch to 
an inch and a (piartcu- in leug'th, those of the i>-reater 
CUmilG AND SHAPING 
MODIETED SHIELD EuDS. 
A shows first cut from below upward; B shoivs lower eud of 
bud with portion of bark cut away. C shows point 
wfure bud is severed from scion. 
length from larger wood. It will be noted in figure 
'1 that the stock is ])repared as for ordinary shieM 
buds. There is the usual cross-cut and slit in the 
hark, and the bark oi)ened to make a bed for the bud. 
Then when the bnds are inserted, the bark of the ])e' 
('an and walnnt being thick, the flaps of l)ark folding 
over the ])nd are pared down, as shown in the illustra¬ 
tions. This is done so that the waxed wra})])ers will 
tit down close on the bud ]nece and thus ])revent the 
entrance of a vsniall insect that sometimes gets in at 
the eyelet of the wrai)per and makes mischief. Ob¬ 
serve also that the wra])]>er is so ])ut on that the nip- 
])le of the bud peei)s through the eyelet and has the 
benehts of light and air. 
In tying on the wrap])er, l)egin in the middle of 
the string, jnst above the n])])er end of the bud and 
tie tight. That bud htted close on the scion from 
which it was taken and must be made to tit close on 
the stock to which it is transferretl. See that the 
string, after going once around, crosses at least 
twi(‘e a])ove and twice below the ni])])le 
of the bud as shown in the drawing. 
And the tie should be brought around 
close to the bnd, l)oth above and l)elow. Narrow 
strips of white cloth a (piarter to half an iiu'h in 
Avidth and strong enough to tie tight make good ties; 
l)nt in large jobs raffia is generally used. Small cot¬ 
ton tAvine Avill ansAver, but needs close Avatching to 
])reAumt cutting into growing stocks and injuring 
bnds. 
After tying on the Avrap])er the next job is to cut 
off the stock eight or ten inches above the bnd. Then 
mb off all the largest and longest natural bnds on 
the stock, both aboA^e and beloAV the bnd jnst ])nt on. 
PEOCESSES IN PUTTING 
BUDS ON TEEES. 
Figure 2. 
A shows inside and outside views of common shield bud; B, 
thick rim of ba7'k at lower end; C, outside and inside views 
of same bud, itiodified; D, waxed wrapper; E, cross 
cut and slit in pecan stock; F, bark open to re¬ 
ceive bud; (?, bud in place and flaps pared 
down; II, wrapper put on and tied. 
The eight or ten-inch stub left ]n‘ojecting aboA^e the 
bnd Avill serve as a stake for tying your bud shoot 
later on. Rubbing off natural buds and renioAung toj) 
of the stock assists in forcing sap into the newly set 
bnd. AVhen bnds are ])ut on branches of young trees 
set them near the main body, and cut off the end of 
the branch. 
When the tie begins to cut in on the stock befoix' 
the bud starts into growth, it should lie unwound, 
then tightly avouiuI on again, but not in the grooA-'es 
