THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
Uoso gi’owors wlu) allow llu’; fl()W(M’S to bo (lainajj;o(l 
by tbo ravagos of Ibo rose apbis, have only (boinsolvos to 
blame, aeeoi'din^ to tbe U. S. I)(‘|)ai'tment of Agrieulture. 
Altboiif'b th(^ apbis is widc'sprcvnl over tbe entire eoiintry, 
as w(dl as abroad, it is easily eonlrolbal. (Careful spray¬ 
ing of tbe plants with solutions of nieotine wilt remove 
all danger and neitlu'r tln^ expense nor tbe troid)b' involv¬ 
ed is snllieiently gr«‘at to be a real obstacle. 
Tbe rose aj)bis is a small insect with a body about 
one-twelJtb of an inch long. Tbe young and some adult 
forms are wingless but certain adults d(!V(‘lo|) wings 
from time to time. Tbe color varies from green to j)ink. 
by means of its slender beak tbe apbis sucks out tbe 
juic(‘s of tbe plant on whose buds and unfolding leaves 
it feeds. These, ])revented from attaining their perfect 
form, Ijccome curled and distorted and the beauty of tbe 
tlowers is in large measure ruined. Moreover tbe aj)bis 
secretes a sweet stick}' licjuid called boneydew which 
spoils tbe appearances of tbe foliage on which it is de¬ 
posited. 
Under favorable conditions it i)roj)agates raj)idly 
tlirougboLit tbe year. For examj)le, some recent inv(‘sti- 
gations conducted in California by the Department of 
Agriculture showed that one female gave birth to 48 
young in 6 days. At tbe end of that time, tbe mother 
apbis was knocked from tbe rose and perished. 
This is not at all an uncommon fate. A heavy rain, 
which washes tbe insect away is one of its most natural 
checks, though birds and other inserts ])rey upon tbe 
aj)bis to a considerable extent. Extreme beat is also un¬ 
favorable to the apbis. 
The rose lover should not, however, depend u])on na¬ 
ture to rid bis garden of tbe j)est. A 40 per cent, solu¬ 
tion of nicotine is much surer and not much more trouble. 
One ])art of the solution to from 1,000 to 2,000 })arts of 
water with tbe addition of one ])ound of whale-oil soa]) 
to every 50 gallons of tbe mixture is lecommended in 
bulletin 90, “Tbe Hose Ai)bis,” which tbe U. S. l)ej)art- 
ment of Agriculture has just issued. A inoi'c convenient 
recipe, when there are only a few bushes to be treated, is 
n teaspoonful of 40 pei- cent, nicotine solution to 2 gallons 
of water and one-half ounce of whale-oil soap. Tbe 
soap should be shaved tine and dissolved in hot water. 
Mixtures of this character should be ai)i)lied as a 
fine, j)eneti‘ating spiviy by nu'ans of a compressed air 
sprayer or bucket j)um]). Such a |)ump costs from >$5.50 
to )|^15.00. Together with nicotine solutions it can usual¬ 
ly be obtained at seed stores. If no pumj) is to l)e had, 
bowevei’, tbe infested t\\ igs should be dipped in a |)ail ol 
tbe solution, (aire should l)e tak(Mi to use these solutions 
at strengths no gi'c'ater than those inentiomHl abov(‘, 
since injuiy to tbe foliage may I’esult through tbe use ol 
too much soap, or mibb'W be favored by too sti'ong a 
nicotine solution. 
Api)lication of insecticides should be made on the 
2i: 
first app(‘aranc<‘ of tin* pest which vari(\s from tin' lime 
that tin' l('av('S ar(' pul forth uidil tin* buds In'gin to form. 
Ap|)licalions should be r(‘peat('d as found in'cc'ssaiy. 
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A cii’cular b'tler fi’om the Fon'st S('rvic(', U. S. D. of 
A. I('lls bow to mak(' tin' best list' of (lln'sinul limber that 
has b('('n killed by the bai’k diseas('. (daim is ma(b' that 
sound woo<l from (b'ad chestnut trees is fully as strong 
as wood II'om In'allhy lf('('s and is suitabb' for poh's, lum- 
b('r, ties, etc., etc., and advis('s culling down tin' injurc'd 
tr(H's just as soon as possibh' aflei' tin'y art' attacked. 
Dis('ased tindx'r can be sold as live limln'r w bih; deail 
limber, even though sound, always presc'ids diflicultic's in 
felling, manufacturing and itiailvcling. 
— 0 — 
BULLETIN OF INTEL.EST TO NUKSEHYMEN, 
Issued hy the U. S. I), of . 1 ., Wtishinyton, 1). C. 
Crimson (dover: Utilization. Hy ,1. .M. Wd'stgate, 
Agronomist in (diarge of (dover Investigations, ()flic(' of 
Forage-Crop Investigations. Pj). 10, figs. 7. (’contribution 
from tbe Bureau of Plant Industry. Api-. 17, 1914. 
(Farmers’ Bulb'tin 579.) 
This publication gives time of cutting, methods of 
harvesting, feeding value, and use as a soiling crop, as 
j)asture, as a soil imj)rov('r, and as a cov('i‘ crop. Ada|)t('d 
to tbe Eastern States. 
SuMM.VHY Fhom Bulletin No. 574. 
New York Experiment St.vtion. 
DOES CBONABTIUM BIBIGOLA OYEB-WINTEK ON 
THE CUBBANT.^ 
F. C. Stewart and IF. II. Itanldni. 
Currant felt-rust and white pine blister-rust ar(i 
caused by tbe same fungus, Cronartlum rd)\eola, in dif¬ 
ferent stages of its life cycle. On account of repeati'd 
outbreaks of felt-rust on currants at (lem'va unaccom¬ 
panied, apparently, by tbe occurrence of blister-rust on 
pines in tbe vicinity, it was susiiecti'd that, contrary to 
accepted belief, tbe fungus may ovei’-w inter on currants. 
It is important to know if this be true, Ix'causi' of its 
bearing on tbe control of blister-rust. If true, the dis¬ 
tribution of affected currant plants must lie prohibited; 
if not true, there is no necessity for such restriction. 
An attempt was made to solve the [iroblem by trans- 
jilanting diseased currant jilants (afti'r tbe leave's bad 
fallen) into greenhouses and forcing them into growth 
during the winter. Through tin' co-op('ralion of four 
other jilant pathologists it has been jiossibb' to have' such 
te.sts made in six greenhouses in as many w idely separat¬ 
ed localities. In four of the greeuhouses there were 
made, also, attem|)ts at inoculation by im'ans of diseased 
curraid leaves w Inch bad been w iidered out-of-doors. 
Although tbe total numlx'i’ of jdants used in tlu'se 
exjieriments was about 509 and every one of them had 
lieen severely attacked by tin' fell-rust tbe jiri'vious 
autumn, no trace of Cronailium appeari'd on tin' lu'w 
b'aves. This leads to the conclusion that C. rdneota 
rarely, if evi'r. ov('r-w inti'i’s on cunants. Ih'in'i', it is 
unnect'ssary to (juarantiin' currants allecic'd with lell- 
rust. 
The recent discovery of two w Idle pine trees affect¬ 
ed with blister-rust makes it |)ossible. now, to account 
