THE NATTOXAL XURSERY^FAX 
411 
ter. 
The deep rooted things of eoui'se lake eare of them¬ 
selves hut it is always well to have the seed beds so ar- 
rang(‘d that a little covering can h(‘ put on when the win- 
tej‘ is very severe to eounteraet lh(“ freezing and thaw ing 
of the plants and the soil, w hieh is so (hdrimental to 
voung plants. 
In sowing seeds ol trees such as Oaks, (kitalpa, 
Maples, it requires (|uite a little e\peri(MK*(‘ hefon^ it can 
he done just right. Have the stand neither too thick nor 
too thin. Some kinds of seeds hav(‘ veiy j)oor germinat¬ 
ing pow er. Liriodendron hdipfera is a good illustration, 
the seed has to he sow'ii thicker to insuia* a good stand. 
Ot course, in large seeds like the acorns m'arly everyone 
will germinate and it is easy to judge, and they should 
he sown just thick enough so that they can he allowed to 
stand in the beds for three or four years. This helps the 
tree and induces it to make a straight stem, making bet¬ 
ter stock for lining out than w here there is too much 
room given to them, w Inch has a tendency to make them 
grow stocky. This rule, however, does not apply to all 
kinds of stock as many kinds w ill deteriorate if left in 
the beds more than one or two years. 
Seed beds in combination with a good storage cellar 
can he made a valuable adjunct to a nursery. Kven w ith- 
out any consideration of selling plants a constant supply 
of trees worth raising can always be had and the nur¬ 
seryman will find that his ow n stock is much better for 
his ow n use than that w hieh is to he obtained elsew here. 
NATIVK SHRUBS AND TIHHU ECONOMIC RELATION 
TO THE WILD BIRDS. 
lUj 4. II. Lake, Black River Falls, Wis. 
Our country is the delight and w under of every one for 
its w onderful and almost sudden hurst of bloom in early 
spring, followed by fruitfulness and brilliant autumnal 
coloring of foliage. In this res])ect our coutdry is in a 
class by itself as in almost all other countries the foliage 
unfolds slowly. 
Very few of our })eople give thought or heed to our 
great obligations to the wdld birds for their annual dis¬ 
tribution of seeds w Inch annually keep up the planting of 
the flora of our country. To the keen observer it is both 
wonderful and astonishing how widely and thoroughly 
the seeds of iVmerican plants are distributed on all soils 
and all elevations, by these tireless workers, the wild 
birds. 
Nurserymen, landscape architects, superintendents ot 
public ])arks and all distributors of nursery stocks have 
great opportunity to aid the w ild birds by selecting a por¬ 
tion at least of the stocks handled of those shrubs that al- 
ford food for the wild birds. Many of these shrubs and 
small trees are very highly decorative for foliage, flowers 
and fruits. American landscape work would be much 
more interesting if more of the berried shrubs were used 
for background and frame w ork of the plantings and 
those shrubs cultivated for flowers used tor trim. 
Each year there is an incre;ising int(M’est iu shrubs 
that produce food for the birds and also value toi’ decora¬ 
tive purpose for the home and public grounds. The 
])lanting of such shrubs brings the birds as they allord 
both food and shelter from their enemies. Children are 
much moi-(‘ int(‘rested iu Ixui’icd shrubs than in thosi; 
cultivated foi’ flowa'rs only and will incur long tramps 
through the woods for SluM'plx'rry, Black Haw, Thoru- 
appl(‘s and Wild Blums ami (ira|)(‘s. Why not plant th(“S(‘ 
on tin; hoim* grounds for holh llu' birds and flu* childiam? 
Th(‘ follow ing list of shrubs and ti‘(M‘s pi‘oduc(‘ h<*i‘ri(‘s 
ol which tin; birds art' (‘sp(‘cially fond ami many of tlumi 
produce beiries that delight childiam and also ar(' valu¬ 
able for culinary j)ui-pos(‘s. 
A}aela)irh}er (.1 unelxM'iy). Aronia (Chok(d)(‘rry), 
Aralia rareaiosa (American Spik(Miai'd). Aiapelopsis 
(luinquefoUa (Virginia Ci‘(‘ep(‘i'). Celaslras scaadens 
'Ritter Sweet), Comas (Dogwoods) Cralaeaus (Thoiai- 
apple). Ilex verlirilkda (Northern Holly), Loniceras 
I Rush Honeysuckle). Bfannnas frara/ala (Alder lUick- 
thorn). Pranas Pennsylvanira, serotina and Viryiniana 
I Wild Cherries), Wihl Roses, Sainharas (Elders^, Sor- 
has (Mt. Ashes). ]^il)arnanis (Sluaqjbei'ry, Haws, Ari’ow- 
woods, Wythe Rods), r/7/,9 fWild Crapes). All of lh(‘S(‘ 
are highly decorative in foliage*, tlowe'r and fruit and 
some can he used even on the smalh'st grounds. Seve'ral 
of them comj)rise a large family and tnany of the varieties 
are but little known which greatly re'tarels their pi'ojeaga- 
tion and sale. There are about twenty of the Viharnanis 
that are hai’dy north, yet oidy thre'e* or four varieti(*s are 
generally in cultivation and procurable. 
In prej)aration for their long llight south, the wild 
birds consume large quantities of berries of these shrubs 
during the months of August and September. On their 
early return in the spring many birds feed on the left 
over berrit's w hieh affords tlu'm about the oidy food they 
can obtain until w arm weather brings out the worms and 
insects. 
Some of the Dogwoods. Comas Siherim, Comas slol- 
onifera and Comas Baileyi bloom and fruit twice during 
the summer. The first croj) of berries are about tin* first 
berries available for the birds and tin* last crop of ber¬ 
ries on these shrubs are gr(‘edily eat(*n just befoia* tin* 
birds leave for the south. Coroias (Dogwoods) should In* 
freely ])lanted on all grounds. 
D. W. Babcock, Manager Atlaulic Nursery Co., Md., 
says:—Everything looks j)romisiug for a humj)er season 
in young stocks and the best part is that we have stocks 
we can be proud of. 
BUSINESS TROUBLES. 
CASSEL NURSERY CO. BANKRUPT. 
The Cassell Nursery Co., of Cleveland, Ohio, have gone 
into bankruptcy. Notice has been given by A. E. Ing(‘r- 
soll. Referee in Bankruptcy. Eirst meeting of the cred¬ 
itors w ill he held on the 23rd of October. 191 i. w hen 
proof of claims may he made. 
E. E. DAVIS. BANKRUPT. 
E. E. Davis, of Norwich. N(*w York, w ho has he(*u sell¬ 
ing nursery stock mort* or l(*ss. has fil(*d a j)etitiou iu vol¬ 
untary hanki'U|)tcy. and William Brown has ln*(*n ap¬ 
pointed receiver. 
The assets ap|)arenlly amount to 19.000.00, and un¬ 
secured d(*bts to about Li.000.00. 
Mr. Brow n is receiving proof of all claims. 
