4 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
in orchards in the East. The effectiveness of this treatment 
against the leaf curl and other fungus diseases was brought out. 
A motion was carried to continue the organization under 
the following officers: S. A. Forbes, chairman; John B. 
Smith, vice-chairman and J. B. S. Norton, secretary. 
Various questions concerning San Jose scale and the use of 
the lime and sulphur wash were discussed by Messrs. Wash¬ 
burn, Weed, Surface, Scott, Piper, Smith, Summers, Felt and 
Alwood. 
A motion was carried that the Association advise the use of 
the formula 1-2-4. in fumigating with hydrocyanic acid gas. 
SUGGESTION OF FAIRER LAWS. 
The following resolutions were adopted: 
Whereas, During recent years the dissemination of certain species 
of insects and fungi on nursery stock has resulted in the rapid spread of 
injurious insect pests and plant diseases; and 
Whereas, Many of the states of the United States and the Dominion 
of Canada have now passed laws designed to protect purchasers of 
nursery stock from injury and loss by reason of infested or diseased 
nursery plants, and 
Whereas, The enforcement of these laws has been in some instances 
considered hurtful to the interests of nurserymen and has led to some 
antagonism; therefore be it 
Resolved, By the Association of Horticultural Inspectors that while 
they consider that the enforcement of reasonable crop pest laws is 
imperatively needed, both for the protection of the nurserymen and 
the fruit growers, they also believe that it is now possible, in view of 
the large experience and data at our command, so to frame the inspec¬ 
tion laws and regulations for their execution as to protect the interests 
of both the nurserymen and the fruit growers; therefore, be it further 
Resolved, That we invite such conference with the official nursery¬ 
men’s associations as will lead to better relations and, so far as prac¬ 
ticable, to uniformity of practice on the part of the official inspectors. 
Mr. Kotinsky of the Division of Entomology presented a 
review of a Russian paper on the inoculation of trees for the 
prevention of attacks by insects and other fungi. 
THOSE WHO WERE PRESENT- 
The following persons were in attendance at the meeting: 
Macintosh, Ala.; W. E. Britton, Conn.; Wesley Webb, 
Del.; H. E. Summers, Iowa; J. B. S. Norton, T. B. Symons, 
Maryland; F. C. Washburn, Minn.; C. M. Weed, N. H.; J. B. 
Smith, N. J.; E. P. Felt, N. Y ; G. G. Atwood, N. Y.; A. F. 
Burgess, Ohio; H. A. Surface, E B. Engle, Pa.; W. B. Alwood, 
Va.; Rumsey, Johnson, W. Va. The U. S. Department 
of Agriculture was represented by Messrs. Scott, Hopkins, 
Wilcox, Piper, Marlett and Kotinsky. W. G. Johnson of the 
American Agriculturist was also present. 
OPINIONS ON SUBSTITUTION. 
The Rural New Yorker has been gathering some opinions 
of nurserymen on the subject of “Substitution,” from which 
the following extracts are made: 
A. H. Griesa, Kansas—I have had orders where half of the apples 
were Summer kinds; then I use my judgment and correct it by reducing 
the early and Fall kinds and increase the list of good Winter kinds. I 
think it is right, yes, more than right in doing so. Some agents sell 
on specialties, which is all right, but when it is the Rathbun blackberry, 
which like the wineberry, is an imposition in the West, they are not 
furnished if I have the filling of the order. When fruit trees or plants 
are ordered it is for the purpose of growing fruit. No one ever has or 
will make a living growing Rathbun or wineberry in the West. In 
flowers it is much the same; they are sold by pictures. The buyers 
many times do not know the hardiness or other quality of the plants 
they order. While there are instances of unreasonable substitution, 
there are also unreasonable complaints on the part of buyers. I used 
to label each tree and plant true to name, but at delivery, those names 
being new to the buyer, he would set up a complaint of being cheated, 
while he had better kinds, as I know positively, than those he ordered. 
While it was a violation of contract, it was serving him far better than 
if he had just what he ordered. In many cases the nurseryman knows 
better than the buyer, but it is not always so, and if both understood 
each other better there would be a better feeling between them than now 
J. H. Black Son & Co., New Jersey—We prefer to substitute size 
rather than variety. In apples and pears it is very difficult to substi¬ 
tute, and we would certainly hesitate a long time before doing so except 
by permission. In peaches there are so many kinds that are so similar 
that it is very difficult to tell them apart, and to substitute one of these 
for anotherywould be no damage to any one, and would be excusable 
but not advisable. To substitute sizes would be much better if sub¬ 
stitution has to be resorted to at all. Our men are always told pos¬ 
itively that they must not substitute at all without our instructions, 
and in our catalogue we reserve the right to substitute in extreme 
cases; yet we seldom do unless it is a very small number, and the order 
would be delayed by waiting until we hear from the customer. 
Storrs & Harrison Co., Ohio—We suppose the main reason why 
nurserymen reserve the right of substitution on nursery stock, is be¬ 
cause the majority of customers never send orders until time for ship¬ 
ment, and there is no time to correspond back and forth. After a 
variety is exhausted, it is impossible to supply more of that same kind. 
In our general price list we have always stated, and always expect to 
make the statement, that in case we are out of a variety ordered, 
another of equal merit will be sent in its place, unless the party order¬ 
ing says no substituting, in which case we will refund the money, if we 
do not have the goods when order is filled. We never undertake to do 
any substituting on large orders for orchardists, who are putting out 
trees for profit. They usually know what they want, and want par¬ 
ticular varieties, but we think that to the large majority of people who 
buy in small quantities for town lots or small orchards for home use, 
it makes no particular difference, for instance, whether they have one 
or the other of a dozen or more types of the Late Crawford Peach, if 
thej' have one that ripens about the same time, and there is practically 
but little difference in the dozen or more kinds, and this is true of most 
things in the fruit tree line. Customers order from descriptions in 
catalogue, and it makes no difference to the majority of them, provided 
they get a good variety that ripens about the same time, whether we 
substitute or not, and we get a great many orders where parties do not 
pretend to select varieties, simply leaving it to us to send what we 
think best, and if all planters would do the same with all nurserymen 
they would get better varieties than they do by making their own 
choice. We believe that this is perfectly honest and legitimate. We 
do not believe that any responsible nurseryman would substitute on 
orders from orchardists who are planting fruit for profit, for market, 
unless they have permission of the buyer to do so, while the large major¬ 
ity of small planters are perfectly ratisfied, for instance, w : th either a 
Globe or Late Crawford Peach tree, with either an Ontario or Sutton 
Apple, and would much prefer to have nurserymen send them one or 
the other to returning their money. 
The advice given to its readers by the Rural New Yorker is: 
“Order early. Know what you want before ordering. Send 
the order to several nurserymen for figures. If possible, go 
to see the stock before buying. Write ‘no substitution’ 
plainly on your order if you do not want it. Remember that 
a good tree costs more than a poor one, and is worth more, 
and that it never pays to buy a poor one.” 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
It has been proposed by President J. H. Hale and Prof. 
John Craig, respectively president and secretary of the Amer¬ 
ican Pomological Society, to hold a special session of the 
society during the fresh fruit period of 1904.at the St. Louis 
Exposition. Sessions are regularly held biennially, the next 
being due in 1905. 
