THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
93 
A delay of a few days in storing the apple may cause it 
to rot early in the storage season, to soften several weeks or 
months ahead of the normal time, and to show scald prema¬ 
turely. A similar delay in storing the pear may cause it 
to rot at the core, while the fruit is still firm outside, within 
a short time after entering the warehouse. 
While the fruit is delayed in piles in the orchard, or in 
closed, unventilated buildings, or in any other condition in 
the orchard, or delayed at the railroad siding, or in transit, or 
at the receiving terminal, it is rapidly approaching the end 
of its life and may already have consumed a large part of the 
span that would otherwise be allotted to it in the warehouse. 
While there may be serious commercial losses in the staple 
storage crops, like the apple and the pear, on account of a 
delay in cooling the fruit after it is picked, the most disas¬ 
trous results occur when perishable fruits like the small 
fruits, the peach, the plum, and early varieties of pears and 
apples, are subjected to a warm temperature between the 
picking and their storage or sale. The ideal method of hand¬ 
ling a perishable fruit for long distance shipping, or for stor¬ 
age, is to cool it quickly after it is taken from the tree, in 
order to retard'the ripening and the growth of diseases. 
In a delay of twenty-four hours in a high temperature a 
promising lot of peaches may consume a large proportion of 
its remaining life history and the brown rot may have devel¬ 
oped to a considerable extent, thereby reducing .its durability 
in transit or in the market. 
New Cooling Methods. 
This phase of the subject has an important bearing on 
the transportation of perishable produce. In 1903, when the 
season was wet, it was not uncommon to find from 10 to 30 
per cent, decay in cars of Georgia peaches on arrival in the 
New York market after a three days’ trip, even when the 
fruit was handled in the best condition in the orchard, and 
the packing house, and when the cars were thoroughly iced 
in transit. Peaches are frequently loaded in the cars at a 
temperature of 100° or more, and under these conditions 
the ripening, proceeds and the tliseases spread before the ice 
of the car can cool the fruit. If the fruit could have been 
cooled quickly to 45° before loading, the ice would maintain 
that temperature in transit, and these frequent losses would 
probably have been reduced to an important commercial 
extent. While this phase of the fruit handling question has 
not been given careful experimental attention, we feel justi¬ 
fied, from the results of our Fruit Storage Investigations 
and from the emphasis laid upon this question by the Cana¬ 
dian government and other foreign countries in their export 
fruit work, in expressing the opinion that a large proportion 
of the commercial losses in the handling of perishable produce 
is the direct result of the rapid ripening and the spread of 
disease which takes place while the fruit is warm and before 
it can be cooled by the ice in the cars. A meat shipper 
would not think of loading a carload of meat in a warm 
condition, and if the fruit grower could devise some prac¬ 
tical method of cooling the fruit before it is loaded, as the 
shippers of meat do, and if the refrigerator car is expected 
only to maintain the cool temperature in transit and not to 
do the initial refrigeration of the fruit, many of the serious 
problems that now confront the shipper of perishable fruits 
would be reduced considerably. 
I do not care to discuss the ways and means of bringing 
about this result at this time, as 1 wish only to bring the 
matter to your attention, so mv u Last Word on the Picking 
and Storing of Fruit,” as your Program Committee has chosen 
to designate this paper, is: First, know what to expect of 
your fruit from the conditions in which it is grown- let it 
ripen well before picking; handle it carefully^and cool it 
quickly after it leaves the tree, and you will have greater 
occasion to rejoice that you are in the fruit business. 
Rong and Short. 
For clematis write to P. W. Butler, Penfield, N. V. 
Apple and pear seedlings may be had of N. E. Copeland, Oak¬ 
land, Kan. 
H. S. Day, Fremont, O., will bud peach trees on contract for fall of 
1905 delivery. 
June bud peach and plum can be had of Chattanooga Nurseries, 
Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Bartlett pears will be exchanged for peaches by Davis County 
Nurseries, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Fredonia-grown grape vines are known the world over. Write to 
Foster & Griffith, Fredonia, N. Y. 
Buds of leading varieties of apple, pear, peach, plum and cherry may 
be had of B. F. Kean, Stanley, N. Y. 
In another column, Jackson & Perkins Company, Newark, N. Y., 
announce an attractive list of specialties. 
A bargain in standard pears, extra size, is offered by the Pioneer 
Nurseries Company, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
C. Betscher, Canal Dover, O., is a peony specialist, guaranteeing 
everything in his line true to name. Write him for prices. 
J. C. Hale, Winchester, Tenn., has 4,000,000 peach trees, the 
largest stock in the United States. June buds a specialty. 
Pecan trees and nuts may be obtained of the G. M. Bacon Com¬ 
pany, Inc., DeWitt, Ga. Budded, grafted and seedling trees. 
Nurserymen will be interested in the announcement in another 
column of the Pittsburg Bolster Spring Companv, Pittsburg, Pa. 
The Forest Nursery & Seed Co., Irving College, Tenn., makes a 
speciality of catalpas, black locust, Russian mulberry, red bud, etc. 
Imported seedlings and raffia fibre may be had of \ugust Rolker 
& Sons, 31 Barclay Street, New York, agents for Elmire Sebire, Ussy, 
France. 
For fall of 1904 the Franklin-Davis Nursery Company, Baltimore, 
Md., offers a general assortment of well grown stock ; apple, pear, 
cherry, plum and ornamentals. 
One of the largest and most complete assortments of nurserv and 
florists’ stocks in the United States is offered by the Storrs & Harrison 
Co., Painesville, O. See their announcement on another page. 
Johnson Bros., Quitman, Ga., write as follows to Maher & Grosh, 
Toledo, O.: “Mr. J. H. Girardeau, of Monticello, Fla., informs me 
that you have on hand the best budding knife that there is on the 
market. He says that he uses them and none else, and that they are 
very cheap, on account of their not having anything but a small 
wooden handle. Please give us prices on same.” 
How many of those who gaze at beautiful shows of fireworks know 
the composition of the brilliant candle balls, bombs, rockets, fiery 
showers, serpents and wheels with their gem-like colorings? trances 
E. Frvatt, in a most interesting article in The Youth’s Companion of 
June 16th, tells how “The Colors and Motions of Fireworks” are con¬ 
trived. This contribution will lend a fresh interest to the celebration 
of Independence day for every Companion reader. 
THE WABASH RAILROAD 
Has added one more'Fast Train to its present excellent service to 
St. Louis. The New Train, ‘The World’s Fair Flyer’ will, on and 
after June 26th, leave Buffalo daily 1.30 P. M., arriving Detroit 7.45 
P. M., World’s Fair Station 7.50 A. M., Union Station, St. Louis, 
8.04 A. M. next morning. The Wabash is the only line from the East 
running directlv to the Main Entrance of the World’s Fair Grounds. 
Superb equipment, Pullman’s newest type of sleepers, electric lighted 
chair cars, Wabash Dining cars. 
For full information call on your home agent or address, 
Jambs Gass, R. F, Kelley, 
N. Y. S. P. A., G. A. Ik D., 
Buffalo, N. Y, 
