140 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
detained by the inspectors. A few sharp lessons to these 
parties should be a benefit to the whole trade. The numerous 
testimonials from British commission dealers that have been 
published in The Horticulturist recently concerning the bene¬ 
fits that have resulted from this act, indicate that a still better 
enforcement of its provisions, if not too rigid, will not be 
likefy to cause much damage to our fruit trade. 
The Canadian Horticulturist. 
A SURVEY OF ORCHARD CONDITIONS IN WESTERN 
NEW YORK BY THE CORNELL EXPERIMENT 
STATION. 
An important piece of work of a comprehensive character 
was commenced last year by the Experiment Station of 
Cornell University and is still in progress in Western New 
York. This is a critical examination of the condition of the 
apple orchards in the western lakes counties of the State. 
The survey divides itself into two parts. One relates to 
the soil and includes the study of economic geogolical features, 
the topography, and tpye of soil. The second part relates 
specifically to the trees themselves. It includes a census of 
trees, age, distance of planting, kind of culture, vigor, pro¬ 
ductiveness and profits. 
In addition to these, broad economic questions are investi¬ 
gated. For instance, whether the orchard is worked by the 
owner or by the renter? Wayne County has already been 
examined in this, manner, The data are being worked up 
and put into form for publication. 
The findings are proving valuable and exceedingly interest¬ 
ing. They corroborate in general the precepts of the best 
horticultural teaching of the past ten years and favor wide 
planting, good culture, and constant spraying. Such evi¬ 
dence as this is needed from time to time in order to impress 
in an effective manner, the lesson of good orchard manage¬ 
ment upon fruit growers. 
CONSUMPTION OF LUMBER BY THE BOX PACKAGE. 
It required 126,000,000 feet of lumber, surface measure to provide 
boxes for the citrus produces by Southern California the present year. 
This amount of lumber made something over 10,000,000 boxes equal 
to about 30,000 car loads of fruit. This means that the shipments 
of all oranges exceeded by 8,000 car loads that of any previous season. 
The prospects for the orange crop next year is not so promising. 
COURT ISSUES ITS DECREE IN THE ROUTING CASE. 
Judge Wellborn on Tuesday last issued his final decree of injunction 
in the routing case, by which the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe rail¬ 
road companies are forbidden to refuse to shippers the right to route 
shipments as they choose. This is one of the most important vic¬ 
tories gained by the growers in the series of legal battles which have 
been waged between the growers and the transportation companies. 
It means that the railroad companies will no longer be allowed to pool 
their interests for the routing of oranges. Henceforth they can not 
arrogate to themselves the right to say by what route shipments of 
citrus fruits shall be transported over connecting lines to points of 
destination. 
.All this is distinctly and directly beneficial to the grower. The in¬ 
junction is in the form of an order, and requires the defendants to obey 
the order of the Interstate Commerce Commission. The significant 
clause ol the decision is: “For combining in restraint of trade and 
violating the provisions of the Sherman Act, the officers of such cor¬ 
porations shall be held guilty of conspiring against the peace and 
dignity of the United States.” 
1 he decree of injunction will not go into effect for twenty days, the 
court having given the defendants desired time in which to prepare 
for an attempt to show that the court was not one of competent 
jurisdiction .—Pacific Fruit World. 
THE SEASON FOR GROWTH AND RIPENING OF 
NURSERY STOCK. 
Low temperatures have characterized the season. These 
were not peculiar to any one region. The feature of the sea¬ 
son in the west were the heavy rains of the forepart of the 
summer. These retarded the growth and in many cases 
actually injured nursery stock. The latter part of the sea¬ 
son has been more favorable and stock which grew slowly in 
early summer, has recuperated. It is quite likely that the 
close of September saw the nursery stock in general, in a very 
satisfactory condition, the country over. From the orchard- 
ist’s standpoint, as well as the nurseryman’s the character 
of the autumn has an important part in putting the finishing 
touches on trees in nursery and orchard. Ripening processes 
which are retarded by wet weather and encouraged by dry 
weather have much to do with the way in which trees come 
through the winter. A wet fall encouraging late growth is 
often followed by winter-killing. In most parts of the east, 
the latter half of August furnished ideal weather for ripening 
of nursery and orchard trees. The warm and moist streak in 
the fore part of October was not of sufficient duration to 
injure stock so that trees should go into cellars or winter in 
the field in good condition. 
FRUIT STOCKS. 
Nurserymen who have not yet ordered French Stocks, in the way 
of Fruit Seedlings, Ornamentals, Evergreens, etc., for next spring’s 
planting, would do well to send their list of wants, without delay, to 
Herman Berkhan, 60 Cortlandt street, New York, sole agent for Levav- 
asseur & Sons,Ussy and Orleans, France, wholesale growers and largest 
shippers to this country. Reliable stocks, good grading and 
packing, prices right. Trial orders solicited from those who have 
not yet bought of us. 
A PROMINENT WHOLESALE HOUSE. 
The firm of L. R. Taylor & Sons, proprietors of the Topeka Nur¬ 
series, had its origin in Adams county, Pennsylvnia, in the year 1S40. 
The senior member of the present firm, Mr. L. R. Taylor, moved to 
Topeka, Kansas, in 1869 making the first plant near Topeka the fol¬ 
lowing Spring; thus establishing the first nursery at Topeka, and being 
one of the pioneer nurseries of the West. 
A partnership was formed with Messrs. Peters & Skinner in 1890 
under the name of Taylor, Peters & Skinner. This partnership was 
dissolved in 1893 and the name changed to L. R. Taylor & Sons, which 
is the present style of the firm. 
These nurseries do a strictly wholesale business; their chief product 
being apple, cherry, peach, plum, and Pear trees, apple and pear 
seedlings. 
Recognizing from the first the superior quality of the soil in the 
Kansas River valley for the growing of apple they have made the 
growing of apple trees and apple seedings their specialties. Their 
trade has grown on these two staples until they now plant each year 
something over 100 acres of apple seedlings and 1,500,000 apple grafts. 
The firm uses in connection with the nursery business some 500 
acres of ground, between 300 and 400 of which is closely planted to 
nursery stock. 
In order to procure new land for their apple seedlings and apple 
trees they have established a branch nursery at Rossville, Kansas, 
which is up the river valley some 15 miles west of Topeka. They 
made their first plant in this vicinity the past spring, and expect to 
plant 160 acres at that point next year. 
