THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN. 
201 
Hative, called Kentish, from the county of Kent, England. It replaced 
the Kentish in many nurseries and collections, and in some literature, 
which probably gave rise to the common error of making (Early) Rich¬ 
mond or Kentish and the Montmorency synonyms. In America the 
Montmorency is known as Montmorency, Long Stemmed Montmorency, 
and Montmorency ordinaire, principally by the latter name. The 
termination ordinaire, however, from Duhamel to the present, is hardly 
known in standard French, German, or English pomological works. It 
is sometimes found in catalogues, but it, has no definite pomological 
significance in Europe as it has been applied to the Kentish and to the 
Large Montmorency as well. Therefore, this term ordinaire, leads to 
confusion and should be dropped from American cherry literature. 
The Montmorency and the Montmorency ordinaire in America, as 
Bailey has intimated also, are the same cherry. The name extra¬ 
ordinaire has been applied also to the Montmorency, and to the Large 
Montmorency as well, but this term, like ordinaire, has no pomological 
significance. 
Individual trees of Montmorency have given rise to variations which 
have received varietal names, as in the Monarch. A tree in a Mont¬ 
morency orchard on the farm of M. J. Wragg, Waukee, la , bore large 
fruit, which matured a little later, the tree being more open and vigor¬ 
ous. Stark Bros., Louisiana, Mo., were attracted by this tree, and, 
thinking that its individuality would be transmitted through its buds, 
propagated it, and called it Monarch. Sufficient time has not elapsed 
to determine whether the variation in this tree was inherent or acci¬ 
dental. I have examined the fruit and tree of the two forms from the 
same nursery and in these specimens I can detect no difference between 
them whatever, both ripening together. I therefore place it, for the 
present, as a synonym of Montmorency. 
In the west, the Montmorencies are badly mixed, some nurserymen 
using the French names and others the English, while still others are 
selling the Montmorency under the name of Large Montmorency. I 
am inclined to think, however, that there is only one variety now grown 
commercially in America, the Montmorency (commonly called ordi¬ 
naire), and that the confusion in its synonym has arisen through local 
variations to which various synonyms have been applied, to the care¬ 
less interchange of synonyms for the same form, and sometimes through 
the change of the name itself as the Montmorency for Large Montmor¬ 
ency. This variety has been grown in America since the beginning of 
the century, and on account of its age it forms a fertile field for the 
study of the plant evolutionist. 
While these local variations lead to confusion in systematic pomo¬ 
logy, they are valuable acquisitions to the fruit grower, as one of the 
emphatic needs in America fruit growing is the development of varie¬ 
tal strains with local adaptations. 
Description. —Round, broad cordate, medium to large; cavity medium; 
stem long and fairly stout, 1-1| inches ; suture distinct; color bright, 
light red ; flesh light yellowish, tender, firm ; stone small; juice abund¬ 
ant, colorless ; flavor sub-acid, good; season, a week or ten days after 
Richmond ; tree very vigorous, upright, vase shaped becoming spread¬ 
ing; profuse bearer. It is the most valuable variety of the Richmond 
group for the open market or for canning. Differs from Richmond in 
later ripening, larger, less acid fruit, smaller stone, longer stem, and 
finer quality. 
Montmorency, large or large fruited, originated as a seedling of 
Cerise Hative in the valley of Montmorency, France ; not grown com¬ 
mercially in America, and rare even in collections. It is a large variety 
with short thick stems, ripening after Montmorency. It was widely 
distributed by Ellwanger & Barry twenty-five years ago, but the variety 
proved too shy for commercial use. Large forms of the true Mont¬ 
morency are often thought to be this variety, especially in the west. 
De Candolle dignified the short stemmed, light juiced sour cherries 
with the Latin variety name gobetta, and Poiteau says that these short 
stemmed cherries seem to constitute a race with many similar varieties, 
characterized by trees of small stature and by other similar char¬ 
acters. 
EARLY RICHMOND. 
This variety was secured early in the century from Richmond, \a., 
by William Prince, of the Linnean Botanical Gardens, Flushing, N.T., 
and was distributed widely under this name. The same kind has been 
grown in the west as Early May, where the flesh is more firm and 
meaty, and in the south as Virginia May. Prince considered it the 
Kentish of England, under which name it has usually been ranked as 
a synonym by European and by some American authors. The figures 
of the Cerise Hative, or the French form of the variety, in Langley’s 
Pomona, 1729, Duhamel’s Traite des Arbes Fruitiers, 1768, Kraft’s 
Pomona Austriaca, 1793, are excellent representatives of our Rich¬ 
mond. In England the old Kentish has often been replaced by a mod¬ 
ern Kentish, which is Montmorency, hence the confusion in the 
synonomy of these two kinds. Downing made Montmorency a syno¬ 
nym of Kentish. In France, Duhamel recognized a confusion between 
the C. Dative or Kentish and the Montmorency, and distinguished the 
latter especially by its longer stem. 
The Richmond has been grown in this country from the time of the 
earliest settlers. It is considered by some European authors as a seed¬ 
ling of Cerise Commune, under which name a vast number of cherries 
were formerly grown near Paris. 
Description.— Round oblate or heart, medium to small, cavity narrow, 
rather deep ; .suture indistinct; color bright, light red, growing darker 
at maturity ; flesh light colored, tender, soft, juicy ; stone large ; juice 
colorless, acid; quality poor; tree vigorous, upright, spreading, round 
headed; branches slender, becoming drooping. Largely used for can¬ 
ning, but not equal to Montmorency, except where an earlier cherry is 
the principal consideration. Ripens June loth in Delaware. 
MORELLO. 
One of the oldest and most esteemed cherries in America, where it 
has been grown for a century or more. It is known as English, Large, 
Dutch, Ronald’s Large Morello, and Milan. It is much esteemed for 
canning. 
Description.— Fruit round, cordate, or heart shaped, usually com¬ 
pressed ; size medium; cavity shallow ; stem 1| to 1| inches; suture 
indistinct; color dark red, nearly black when ripe; flesh deep red, 
tender, firm; stone small, slightly cling; juice abundant, red, very 
sour; poor quality for table, excellent for cooking ; tree spreading, 
slender, becoming drooping ; foliage subject to leaf blight; very hardy. 
Ripens a month after Richmond. Le Roy gives it as a synonym of 
the old Griotte a Ratafia (Grosse). This variety is greatly confused in 
some sections where it has received several different names. I have 
seen it in the collections of one of our experimen! stations from a single 
nursery under the names English Morello, Suda, Northwest, Wragg, 
and Ostheimer. The Suda or Suda Hardy, as sent out by nurserymen, 
cannot be distinguished from it. This so-called variety originated in 
the garden of a Capt. Suda, Louisiana, Mo., some years ago. There 
is no reason to believe that the old tree, which was then 22 years old, 
was not an (English) Morello. The Northwest is said to have originated 
with D. B. Wier, in Illinois, as the best of a large number of seedlings. 
I have not been able to verify the assertion, but as generally sent out 
by nurserymen at present it cannet be distinguished from (English) 
Morello in fruit or tree. The Wragg has been the source of much 
profitless discussion. As sent out by most American nurserymen it 
is the (English) Morello. This supposed variety originated on the 
grounds of M. J. Wragg, Waukee, la., as a sport or a seedling amongst 
a lot of (English) Morello cherries said to have been purchased from 
Ellwanger & Barry some thirty years ago. It has been placed as a 
synonym by the American Pomological Society and by many leading 
pomologists. It is said by some reliable growers in Iowa to be larger 
in fruit, hardier in tree, and later in ripening, though in other respects 
like the Morello. There is so little difference in them that it may be 
classed as a synonym, but wherever a true difference is found, the 
Wragg ought to be preserved as a strain of the Morello. English 
Morello reproduces itself very closely in its seedlings, and it is possi¬ 
ble that all of these named forms are of seedling origin. But for class- 
ificatory purposes they should be looked upon as one kiud. 
BRUSSLER BRAUNE. 
Imported by Budd in 1888. 
Description. —Fruit round, heart shaped, medium to large, a little 
larger than Montmorency, stem long, 2 to 2£ inches, slender, with 
leaflet usually attached, which is very characteristic of the variety ; 
color dark red, nearly black; flesh red. firm, tender, acid; juice red, 
slightly astringent; quality fair; tree very vigorous and distinctly up¬ 
right, spire or round headed. Ripens South Haven, Mich., July 18-25. 
Like the Bessarabian it is an uncertain bearer. At South Haven, 
twelve year old trees have never borne more than half a crop, usually 
