i;u 
TBDE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
with crown gall hut only about 10 ])(‘r cent, of 
the “tirsts." 
SUMM.MIY 
In the first thia'c nnrsci’if's discuss<*(l. 1.01:2 a|)|)l(' nur¬ 
sery ti(‘('s were' examined for crow n gall and hairy root 
and graded into sizt's. Tht*y indieat(' that the inf('eted 
trees, if tlu'ir sah' was |)('nnitted. would yi('ld 17 to 18 
jx'r e('nt less gross rt'tui'n to tin' nursery than a similar 
nnmlx'i' of non-inteeted tre('s. This is in spite of the laet 
that lh(' largest of tiu' inf('eted trees were usually as large 
and ap|)ar('ntly as strong as the non-infeeted ones. In 
taking figures the separate nurseries and varieties were 
tabulated s('])arately and not a single nursery or variety 
shows as gioat a i)ro[)ortion of trees of salable size among 
those w ith eiow n gall as in those w ithout the disease. 
An int{'r('sting point in eonneetion with the ins])eetion 
at th(' first two nur.series. both of wdiieh make a praetiee 
of j)roviding their eustomers with two grades of stoek. 
w'as the great diminuition in the number of first grade 
tret's w hen infeeted and the inereased numlx'r of seconds. 
In many eases there seemed to be a tendeney for tbe in¬ 
fection to decrease tbe vigor of the plant w ithout severely 
foreing its size down below eommereial value. 
Tbe eorrelation betw een small size and infeetion might 
be said to be due to a ])ossibte greater susceptibility of 
weak trees. Phytopathologists, however, state that the 
reverse is true and only strong actively grow ing tissue 
will sup])ort the disease. In view of the market delete¬ 
rious effects of crown gall in the irrigated orchards of 
the west, it seems most likely that this reduction in size 
in Wiseonsin nurseries is a direet result of infeetion.— 
Journal of Economic Entomology. 
PATRIOTISM. PIGS AND POSIES 
It must be admitted that the subject chosen is a rather 
unusual eondjination. and it may need some ex])lanation. 
Everybody knows what patriotism is. and in these war 
times especially it should stand first in the thoughts of 
every citizen. Likew ise everybody know s what a pig is. 
and wdiile possibly not everyone is equally familiar w ith 
the word posies, surely the older ones and especially the 
old-fashioned ones, know w ell enough what posies are. 
The w ord is not in very common use at the present time, 
but posies is the homely word w hich was used for all 
kinds of flowers in years gone by. 
Pork, w e are told, is one of the chief elements neces¬ 
sary to insure the winning of the present war. so the re 
lation between patriotism and ])igs is easily understood 
It may be a far cry from pigs to posies, and we are no 
going to try and prove any great bearing of one on tin 
other, but rather suggest that people who raise flowen 
may easily add sw ine to their activities, and in that w^a} 
prove their patriotism in a practical way. 
^Ir. Hoover, our food administrator, says: “We need : 
■k('e{) a pig' movement in this eountry-^and a proi)erlN 
eared f: i- pig is no more insanitaiw than a dog.” 01 
course it is not possible that every flower grower can raise 
a ])ig. but w«' believe w'e are safe in assuming that fulh 
halt th(' ])eoid(' who grow^ flowers either eommercially oi 
for pleasure are so situated that they could raise sw ine 
some of them not simply one pig but a plurality of them. 
Eurther w e w ant to suggest that the raising of i)igs is a 
natural adjunct of gardening, not especially flower gar¬ 
dening. but all kinds of gardening, both vegetables and 
flowers. The natural waste from a vegetable garden can 
be fed to sw ine and turned into a profit, and in these war 
times every little thing should be saved and how better 
can garden w astes be saved than by the pig route? 
We have still another argument in favor of combining 
the raising of sw ine w ith flowers. Who would attempt 
to grow flow ers without a liberal supply of suitable fer¬ 
tilizer, and w here is there a more suitable fertilizer than 
j)ig manure? Those w ho dig in the soil and are actually 
in contact with flower growing will not, we trust, be 
shocked by this ])lain statement of fact. The opinion of 
those who are so superficially interested in the subject 
that they have not dug in the soil, and thus come in direct 
contact with the subject, is not w orthy of consideration. 
It is admitted that flower growing is a “non-essential 
l)ursuit” but flower growers need not neglect their favor¬ 
ite w ork because of war times. Instead of curtailing their 
flower growing they should simply add to their activities 
the raising of swine. If this war continues for a vear or 
two yet, the “non-essentials” must be curtailed or elim¬ 
inated, and flower growers to justify their existence as 
such, should balance their activities by the production of 
some product essential to the maintenance of the world. 
Mr. Hoover says that the three most important things ne¬ 
cessary to win the war are swine, ships and wheat; and 
j)lease note that he places swine first. 
How can flower growers or any one else suitably lo¬ 
cated help win the w ar any better than to start in the 
swine business? Now , we must admit right here that 
there is a personal interest in this subject from the fact 
that the editor is engaged in the raising of pigs as a side 
line. Flower growers, tiy it yourself and see if you do 
not like swine. There are human traits about them that 
are altogether likeable and remember that a patriotic pur- 
])ose is being served with every pig that you raise. Let 
us say nothing about the possible profit, but you need not 
infer but what there will be a good profit if you use as 
good judgment in the handling of swine as is necessarx' in 
the success of any other business enterprise. 
It is but a little over two years since we became inter¬ 
ested in this subject and xve now have upxvards of one 
hundred head of swine, big and little. To brag a little 
(and who does not like to tell of his oxvn successes) W'^e 
had sexTn young sow's farrow last fall wdth their first 
litters and they had fifty-sexTn pigs or one better than 
eight pigs each ayiid these sows hax'^e raised to weaning 
age more than an average of sex^en pigs each. 
What breed should you raise? Any breed that looks 
good to you is the right breed and xxdiether the sxx ine you 
raise are ])edigreed or mongrels, they xx ill appeal to your 
afTection as xx ell as to your financial interest and patriot- 
i.sm. Subscribe fo ra good sxx ine paper at once and study 
up the subject and arrange in the spring to buy and raise 
at least one pig. 
Madison Cooper,, in the “Flower Grower.” 
