244 
THE NATIONAL NURSE LYMAN 
Notes from Arnold Arboretum 
The English Elm. In the disciissioHS of the Enj^lish 
Elm which occasionally apjx'ar in the Boston papers sur- 
pi’ise is expressed that dillerent individuals of this tree 
ditler in general appearance and in the size of the leaves, 
show ing j)erha])S that it is not generally known that there 
ar(' four distinct s|)(H‘ies of Elin-trees now^ grow ing natur¬ 
ally in England. This confusion in regard to these trees 
is of long standing, for Linna(uis one hundred and sixly- 
liv(‘ y(‘ars ago h(di(‘V('d that all the Elin-tre(^s of Europe 
W (‘r(' of one kind to w Inch he gave the name of Ulnuis 
auupcslris, a naim^ w hich musl h(‘ ahandoiu'd as the four 
Biitish tr(‘('S and an f]lm-lr(*e ol' norlheiai and eastc'rn 
lMii’op(' ar(' inchuh'd in his description. 
Ui-Mus I'lioGEiiA. This is the name now^ ado])ted for tin; 
tn'e w hich is generally know ji as English Elm in Boston 
wlu'i’e it has proven! one of tln^ best foredgn tree's ever 
|)lanle'el in Massachuselts. It has been greewdng here leer 
meere' than a ce'tdury, and ne'arly eene hundreel ye'ars ago 
Majeer Ihieleleeck hael a nursery at Milleen loi' the i)re)paga- 
tieen-anel s;»le e)f this tree. Breehahly ne) tree, native eer 
feere'ign, which has he'e'ii plante'el in the' lu'ighheei’heeoel e)f 
Be)sle)n has gi'eew n te) such a large size. The Padeleeck 
Elms, which sle)e)el een Ti'e'ineent Street in fi’eent e)f the 
Lranary Burying (Iremiiel were e)f Ihis spe'cie's, as were 
Ihe' gre'al Elms een the* Tre'ineenl Sire'et Mall e)f Ihe' Ueem- 
me)n whie*h we're' kille'el hy Ihe^ Sideway. The Elm-1 re'e'S 
em e'ach siele* eel' Ihe' Shaw Memunu'iit eippeisile' the Stale' 
llemse' are' eif Ihis spe'cie^s, anel timre are' still lai'ge' spi'i'i- 
me'iis in Ihe' suhurhs eif the' cily. This is Ihe cemunem 
l'>lm-he'e' eif seiulhe'i'ii Englanel w he're' il greiw s usually in 
he'elge'-reiw s, altheiugh it has he'e'ii large'ly planleel in jiarks. 
It eifte'n grow'S eine' hunelre'el lee'l tall w ilh a massive' sli'in 
e'eivere'el w ith elark eh'e'jily furreiw e'el hark, spre'aeling eir as- 
ce'iieling hranche'S whie*h feirm a e'eimparatively narreiw" 
eival lu'ail, anel sh'iieh'i'hranchle'ts Ihie'kly ceive'i'e'el eluring 
tlu'ir lirsi ye'ai’ w ilh elow n. The' h'ave's ai’e hreiaelly eival 
eir eivate'. eililiepie' at Ihe base', elark gre'cn anel reiugh ein Ihe 
upper surface' and covere'd he'leiw w ith seift eleiwii; llu'y 
are' freim tw ei lei thi'e'e' inches leing w ith alieiul tw e'lve' pairs 
eif ve'ins, anel Iheir stalks are einly aheiurone-liClh eif an 
inch in le'iiglh. This h’e'e' very rai’e'ly ripens fertile' se'e'els 
in hhighmel eir in this ceiuntry, hut it preieluces suckeis in 
gre'at numbers anel is ])ropagale'el enlire'ly by means eif 
Ihe'se'. As Ihis Ire'e' sei I'ai'i'ly jireieluce's se'eels fe'W' var- 
ie'tie's are* kneiw n, liul a small-h'aved Elm (var. viniinaHs) 
is he'lieve'el to he a see'elling eif it. Of this lillle Elm there 
are' feirms ein which the leaves are hleilched w4lh white 
anel with yelleiwL 
Ui.Mus Eoi.iAe:E.\, eir nitens. This is aneither English 
Elm w Inch elitlers freim the last in its paler hark, in its 
smeieith eir nearly smeioth hi'anchlets, that is w ilheiut a 
ceive'ring of eleiw n and in its leaves wdiich are smeieith anel 
shining ein Ihe upper surface, only slightly elow iiy helewv 
early in Ihe* seasein and from two to thi'e^e and a half 
inches leing. This tree preieluces lei'lile seeels in abun¬ 
dance and seedlings are raiseel in Euroiiean nurseries. 
It is w ielely distributed over central and southern Eureipe 
and grow s alsei in northern Africa and eastern Asia. Sev¬ 
eral geograjihical forms are recognized; the most distinct 
eif these are the Oeirnish and the Guernsey Elms which are 
trees of medium size with erect growing branches which 
form a narrow pyramidal head. Plants of these two forms 
are neit alw ays hardy in Massachusetts. Another fonn, 
commein in llej'tfordshire, is a large tree with wide- 
spreading and jiendulous branches and at its best, al¬ 
lhough not so tall, is almost as handsome as our American 
White Elm {iJ. aincTicana). Another form (var. urii- 
Imiculifera) from Persia and Armenia is interesting 
from its compact globose head. This tree might perhaps 
be made useful in formal gardens. On many trees of 
Ulnais foliavea Ihe branches are furnished with corky 
wings Agi'. saberosa.)^ and the so-called English Elms 
w ith such bi-anchlets occasionally seen in this country 
are usually of this variety. The seedling trees of this 
Elm w liich have been imjiorted from European nurseries 
vary in habit, in the size of their leaves and in their hard¬ 
iness; and the unhealthy and generally unsatisfactory 
Elm-1 lees w hich have been planted in considerable num- 
hers in eastern Massachusetts during the last twenty 
yi'urs are in nine cases out of ten seedling forms of 
U. foliarea. 
Ulmus (ii.Ai’.iiA. This is another widely distributed 
Ihiroiiean Elm w Inch is often called Scotch Elm or Wych 
Elm hy English-sjH'aking jieople. This is a ti'ce w'ith a 
trunk and hranclu's w Inch remain smooth for many years. 
It can always Ik* ri'cognized, too, hy Ihe large obtuse buds 
covi'ri'd by pale brown hairs and by its dark dull green 
h'avi's abruptly pointed or Ihree-lobed at Ihe apex, oblique 
and unsymmeti'ical at tin* base, rough above, downy lie- 
low and from four to six inches long wu’lh stalks shorter 
lhan Ihose of oilier Elm-trees. This Irei* does not sucker 
but produces fertile seeds in great ipianlities, and more 
abnormal si'i'dling forms of this tree have been raised 
lhan of any other Elm. The well-known Gampeidown 
Elm is a form of this tree with regularly ]iendulous 
hi'anches w hiclr is often planti'd in suburban gardens to 
maki' natural arbors; another form (var. jiemlida) has 
horizontally sjireading pendulous branches which form 
an unsymmetrical, flat-topped head. There is a form 
w ith erect branches forming a narrow' jiyramidal head 
and others with leaves more coarsely toothed than those 
of Ihe ordinary form and w ith purple and other abnor¬ 
mal leaves. This is perhaps the least beautiful of all the 
sjiecies of Elms. The abundant seeds are blow n great dis¬ 
tances and germinate so readily that seedlings are often 
troidilesome weeds wdiicb if neglected for a few' years 
become dillicult to eradicate. For several years the leaves 
of this tree in the neighborhood of Boston have been 
turned brown and often killed by a leaf-mining insect 
w hich attacks this species but no other Elm-tree. 
Ui/Aius MINOR,, sometimes called U. saliva, is a small¬ 
leaved Elm-tree of large size w Inch is rather closely re- 
