THK NATIONAI. NURSKRVMAN 
‘247 
(tf (l(‘|)lli lhal <*;m siicc(^ssliilly employed \vli(‘r(^ hid one 
earli id^i^ is loadixl to tlH‘ hoh*. 
'I heii! is III) ahsolidely set rule to j^o hy in blasting 
(lileliiis. One must hy praeliei! ami ohsm’valion l(‘ani to 
judge soil eomlilions and to deti'rnnm^ the propi'r sparing 
hidAviam holes, d(!j)lh of holes, limiperatnre of water, 
amount of dynamite! to ns(‘, pm* hole and lh(‘. propi'r grade 
of dynamiti;. lloweve:r, I-have. I'onml it doesn’t taki^ long 
to heeomii an expei t diteher if one is a close ohserver and 
thinks out his prohlems as hi; eomes to them. 
SOlJItCR or SOMR OF TIIF VFOFTAIiLF DYFS 
The, analine dyes of which (lermany had a monojioly 
prior to the war, have laig(;ly replaced the use of the 
vegetalile dyes all over tin; world. 
The latter are still used exclusively hy the old (diinese 
rug makei’s, who, although masters in the art of color 
making, conlined thi;mselves to a very limited nundier of 
colois. In tin; use of hlues and yellows the Ohinese arti¬ 
san doubtless stands pr(;-eminent. The use of the tiui; 
imperial yellow is very rare, although an endless niimher 
of shades in this color are designated imperial. The 
reds sometimi;s have a yellowish tinge or hue. Then; are 
many shade.s of salmon pink and reds, the salmon j)ink 
being juoduced from species of redwood grown in wes¬ 
tern China. 
The dyers of Ninghsia in Kansu are famous for their 
beautiful shades of red. This color is jiroduced from a 
berry giown in Kansu Province. Red is also produced 
fiorn rial wood. Madder {liuhia cordifolia) is a cna'jier 
whose stems and roots when ground and boiled produce 
a red that is usial as the basis of many shades. It is also 
said that .some of the old craftsmen occaionally use 
sheep’s blood to {iroduce a de(;p vermilion. Perhaps the, 
best known red dyi; in China is the sall lower {Carlluimus 
linrlorias), called the r(;d flower hy the (diine.se. The 
seed of this llower is .said to have originally come from 
1'ui-kestari. 
Hrown comes from the dye yam, or shu liang, as the, 
Chinese call it. It ]>roduces a dark hrown color and is 
widely used in China in the dyeing of cloth. If a darker 
shade is desir(;d gallnuts and alum are used. Acorn 
husks an; s()m(;times used to produci; this color. 
HI lie comes fi om the indigo plant. One of the many 
varieties which grows in China {I^oli/f/onurn limdoriuni) 
is grown in the noilhern Provinces. The majority of 
hlues used hy the Chinese, have indigo as their basis, and 
this in combination with other materials pi’oduces all tin; 
shades known. 
Purple is obtained from the hollyhock and from the, 
hark of LiUiosperf/iutn erj/llhrorliizon. The coloring matter 
is brightest if the plant is dug (;arly in the spring. 
Yellow is obtained from the buds of a large tree known 
as Soplumi Japonba, widely scatti;i-ed over China. Loi'us 
seed also |)roduces a yellow as well as an olive grei'n. 
Creen dyes ai’i; obtained from Hh/minus lindori/i and 
olhei- species of buckthorn. Indigo and yellow |)roduce 
a green dye, hut this color is very littli; used in Chinesi; 
rugs. 
Black is obtained from gallnuts. When mixed with 
cochineal and oilier suhslanees, Ihe |io\\der from Ihe 
galls produces gray, hrown, and fawn lints. Black is 
also ohiained from pomegranale rind and \inegar. 
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN 
President— I.loyd C. Stark, Louisiana, Mo. 
Acting' President—.1. It. Mayliew, VN'axaliac li ie. 'I'oxas. 
Treasurer—.1. W. Ilill, I )e.^ Moliic.s, Iowa. 
Attorney and Secretary for the Association— Curtis Nye Smlili, 
Boston, Mass. 
Executive Conunlttee—.1. It. I’llkiiiglon, I’ortlaiul, Orf-Kon; .1. 
ward Moon, Mon iHvIlIc, I’a.; 10. .S. Wt-lcli, .Sliotiaiuloali , Iowa; ( '. ( 
Ma,yliew, .Sliormaii, 'r<ixa.s; T. H. VVo.st, I’ony, oliio; 10. V\’. Challiii, 
VViiu'lu!.-<ltM', 'I’tum. 
CHAIRMEN OP COMMITTEES 
Arrangements— Thomas B. Meehan, Dre.sher, Pa. 
Arbitration— W. C. Heed, Vincennes, lad. 
Exhibits— Albert K Meehan, Dresher, Pa. 
Program— J. 11. Mayhew, Waxahackle, Texas. 
Report ol Proceedings —Curtis Nye Smith, Boston, Mass. 
Nomenclature —J. Horace McPai land, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Tariff—Irving Bouse, Kochester, N. V. 
Press —Ralph T. Olcolt, Rochester, N. V. 
Telegraphic Code— R. C. Chase, Chase, Ala. 
Hall Insurance —Frank A. Weber, Nursery, Mo 
Publicity — F. Li. Atkins, Rutherford, N. J. 
Distribution —M. R. Cashman, Ovvatonna, Minn. 
Eeglslatlon —William Pitkin, Rochester, N. Y. 
Transportation— Charles M. Sizemore, I..oulslana, Mo. 
Eandscape —W. H. Wyman. North Ablngton, Mass. 
WOMEN OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN 
President —Mrs. PL S. Welch, Shenandoah, Iowa. 
Vice-President —Mrs. W. C. Reed, Vincennes, Ind. 
Secretary —Mrs. PL li. Taylor, Topeka, Kansas. 
Treasurer — Mrs. PL F, May, Shenandoah, Iowa. 
STATE AND DISTRICT ASSOCIATIONS 
American Nurserymen’s Protective Association —President, Irving 
Rouse, Rochester, N. Y.; secretary, Thomas B. Meehan, Dresher, 
Pa. Meets annually in June. 
American Retail Niirserymen’s Protective Association—Pre.-ildent, 11. 
W. Marshall, Arlington, Nebraska; secretary, Guy A. Bryant, 
Princeton, ill. Meets annually In June. 
Association Oklahoma Nurserymen —President, P. W. Vaught, 
Holdenvllle, Okla.; secretary, Jim Parker, Tecumseh, Okla. Next 
meeting .during week of State P'alr at Oklahoma City, last of Sep¬ 
tember or first of October. 
California Association of Nurserymen —President, John S. Arm¬ 
strong, Ontario. Secretary, H. W. Kruckeberg, Dos Angeles, Cal. 
Canadian Association of Nurserymen—President, 10. D. Smith, Win¬ 
ona; secretary, C. C. R. Morden, Niagara P'alls, Ont. 
Connecticut Nurseryman’s Association —President, Walter E. Camp¬ 
bell, New Haven, Conn.; secretary, F. L. Thomas, Manchester, 
Conn. 
Idaho Nurserymen’s Association —President, Anton Diedricksen, Pay¬ 
ette, Idaho; secretary, J. P'. Ditooy, Boise, Idaho. No definite time 
has been set for next meeting. Probably In July at Boise, Idaho. 
Illinois Nurserymen’s Association —President, Gu> A. Bryant, 
Princeton, Hi. Secretary, A. M. Augustine, Normai, Ill. 
Massachusetts Nurserymen’s Association —I’l-esident, .lolin Kirk<*- 
gaurd. Secretary, W'lntlirop 11. Tliuriow, West Newbury, Ma.ss. 
Mississippi Nurserymen’s Association —President, Theodore Bechtel, 
Ocean Springs, Mississippi; Vice-President, S. W. Crowell, Rose- 
acres, Mississippi; Sec’y-Treas., R. W. Harned, Agr. College. 
National Association of Retail Nurserymen —President, E. S. Osborne, 
Rochester, N. Y.; secretary, P'. E. Grover, Rochester, N. Y. 
New England Nurserymen’s Association —President, Harlan P. Kel¬ 
sey, Salem, Mass.; Secretary, Charles Adams, Springfield, Mass. 
Annual meeting held on the last Tuesday In February. 
New Jersey Association of Nurserymen —President, Carl H. P’lemer, 
Springfield, N. J. Secretary-Treas., A. PL Melsky, Elizabeth, N. J. 
New York State Nurserymen’s Association —President, E. S. Osborne, 
Rochester, N. Y.; secretary, H. B. Phillips, Rochester, New York. 
Next meeting September. Probably at Utica. 
Ohio Nurserymen’s Association —President, T. J. Dlnsmore, Troy, 
Ohio.; secretary, W. B. Cole, Painesville, Ohio. 
Oregon_Washington Association of Nurserymen —I’resident, C. PL 
Breilhaup, Richland, Wash.; secretary, C. A. Toiineson, Tacoma, 
Wash. 
Pacific Coast Association of Nurserymen —President S. C. Miller, 
Milton, Oregon; secTetary-treasurer, C. A. Tonneson, Tacoma, 
Wash. Place of next meeting to be decided later. 
Pennsylvania Nurserymen’s Association —l’iesiile!il, Adolf Muller, 
Norristown, I’ji. Secretary, Henry T. Moon, Morrisville, I’a. 
Southern Nurserymen’s Association— President, O. W. P'raser, Birm¬ 
ingham, Ala.; Vice-president, H. C. Caldwell, Atlanta, Ga.; Secre- 
