THE NATIONAL NURSERY]\rAN 
35.1 
Fiis \\ liich can ]>c f^rown in the northoaslein stales, has 
su(ler(‘(l sei ioiisly in other colhM'tions, hut in the Arl>ore- 
tmn it was little injured hy the winter and is now in 
^v)od condition. Abies amahUis from the Cascade momi- 
taiiis ol Oregon, allhon^jh alw ays a slow-grow in^;. shahl)y 
looking tree in cultivation, lost a good many l(‘av(‘s in tlu* 
sj)ring l)ut is now" in its usual health. Abies grandis from 
th(‘ norlhw(‘sl coast, ])lanted in shellen'd and excej)lion- 
ally lavorahh' jiositions, is uninjni'ed, hut for general 
use in New England this handsome tree should not he 
dei)(‘nded on. The Sugar Pine of the California Sierras 
(ninus Lamberliana) and the Chinese White Pine fP. 
Arniandi) lost a good many leaves hut now" look as w"ell 
as usual. The Japanese Hlack Pine (P. Thanbergii) suf¬ 
fered more in the loss of its leaves, hut the buds w ere un¬ 
injured and the trees, although somew hat disfigured, are 
r(‘covering. 
Among the long established trees here w hich are not 
native in New* England and which show" no evidence of 
having just ])assed through the most serious experience 
of their lives, and may therefore be considered suitable 
for cultivation in the northern states, are all the forms of 
the Norway Spruce (Pirea Abies), the Balkan Spruce 
(P. onwrira), the Caucasian Spruce (P. orientalis), the 
Siberian Picea obovata, Pirea Srhrenkiana from Chinese 
Turkestan, all the Japanese species, and the species of 
the Rocky Mountains P. gangens, P. Engelmannii and the 
western form of P. canadensis. The Firs not already 
mentioned which have not been injured are the Rocky 
Mountain form of Abies concolor, w"hich is the most sat¬ 
isfactory of all Firs in the northeastern states, the Cau¬ 
casian Abies Nordmaniana, the Japanese A. homolepis, 
(or brarhgphylla) and A. Veitchii. Like the eastern 
American Balsam Fir (A. balsamea), the Rocky Moun¬ 
tain A. lasiocarpa and the Fir of central Siberia (A. sib- 
irira) are perfectly hardy here, but are short-lived 
shabby trees in cultivation, and are not w"ortb planting 
in eastern North America. The Korean A. holophylla 
was first raised at the Arboretum tw^elve years ago and 
it is still one of the rarest of all conifers in cultivation. 
Fortunately Wilson sent from Korea a year ago a supply 
of seeds of this tree; these germinated w"ell and there are 
now" many seedlings in this country and Europe. The 
tw"elve-year-old plant has growm well in the Arboretum; 
it bas not suffered from cold or heat and promises to be 
a good tree here. The Douglas Spruce (Pseudotsuga 
macronata) raised from seeds gathered in Colorado, has 
been grow ing in eastern Massachusetts for nearly fifty 
years and promises to live long here and grow" to a large 
size. Numerous specimens of the Carolina TTemlock 
(Tsuga raroliniana) have been uninjured by tbe cold 
and drought of the year. This is one of the handsomest 
of all cone-bearing trees which can be grown in this 
part of the country. One plant of. the Japanese Tsuga 
densiflora was killed during the w"inter. l)ut several 
others w ere uninjuied. Small plants of the Japanese T. 
Sieboldiana have lived in an exceptionally sheltered posi¬ 
tion, hut there is little hope that this beautiful tree, which 
is more southern in its range than the other Japanese 
ll(*ud()ck will ever liv(‘ long in .Massachusetts. A small 
plant of the Hemlock of the Nortluvcst coast of North 
America (7’. helerophylla), the largest and handsomest 
of all lI('mlock trees, was uninjured in a sheltered posi¬ 
tion. Theie is not much probability, however, that this 
tree will live for more than a few" years in this part of 
the country. The Chinese Hemlock (T. rhinensis) w"as 
injured by the winter and probably w"ill never be very 
successful here. 
Pines. The European and Asiatic Pinus sylvesfris, the 
so-called Scotch Pine, the Austrian and other forms of 
the European Black Pine ^P. nigra), the forms of the 
European P. montana, and the Sw"iss and Siberian forms 
of the Stone Pine (P. Ceinbra) have not been injured. 
The Japanese White Pine (P. parviflora). the Japanese 
Red Pine IP. densiflora) and the Korean form of this tree 
w hich the Japanese bontanists call Pinus gracilis, seem 
able to support the new" England climate w"ithout injury.. 
The Korean Nut Pine (P. koraiensis) w"hieh has produced 
seeds in the Arboretum for several years, and the Lace- 
bark Pine of northern China (P. Bungeana) are unin¬ 
jured. Of the Pines of western North America only 
Pinus monticola, P. ponderosa var. scopulorum, and P. 
Jeffrc'yi grow" successfully in the east, and these are unin¬ 
jured. as are the eastern American P. pungens and P. vir- 
giniana. The northern Pinus Banksiana, w"hieh just 
reaches northern New" England, w"ith a doubtful station 
on Nantucket. grow"S w"ell in tbe Arboretum but not as 
well as it grows mueb further north. Although killed 
last w inter in some New England collections, the Japan¬ 
ese Umbrella Pine w"as little injured in the .\rboretum. - 
None of the Arbor Vitae in tbe large collection of these 
trees here suffered w"itb the exception of the Chinese 
Thuya orienfalis w"bich is never a ver\" hardy or satisfac¬ 
tory tree in this part of tbe eountr\". It is of particular 
interest that plants of the w"estern .\rbor Vitae, the so- 
called Red Cedar of the northw'cst (T. plicala), raised 
here from seeds gathered in Idaho, have been uninjured, 
for this is one of fhe great conifers of tbe w"orld. In a 
sheltered position several plants of tbe California Incense 
Cedar w"ere little injured by the w"inter. There has been 
little injurv" to the Junipers, and the Larches and the 
Chinese Pseudolarix have not suffered. 
New" Chinese Conifers. It is too soon to say much 
about the new" conifers introduced by Wilson from 
northern China. All the forms of Pinus sinensis are 
grow ing w ell and appear to be hardy. All the Spruces 
have also done w"ell w ith the exeepton of Picea Sargen- 
liana w hich has suffered from cold and w"ill probably not 
be hardy here. The Chine.se Firs grow" less w"ell than 
the Spruces and only Abies Belavayi gives much promise 
of success. 
