162 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
have been written commending the work of the Illinois 
State Nurserymen’s Association. We, as nurserymen, 
cannot afford at this time to discontinue our efforts or 
lessen the good work for lack of funds, he as generous 
as possible, write a check at once, and send it to Mr. 
Miles Bryant, Princeton, Illinois. 
Give every dollar you feel you can afford. 
Yours very truly, 
A. II. IIILL, Committee Chairman. 
Louisiana, Mo., April 26, 1922. 
Editor National Nurseryman, 
Flourtown, Pa. 
Dear Sir—Regarding the outlook for next year’s 
business, etc., here is what we think of the situation. 
Our sales this year have been exceptionally good, in 
spite of the depression in other lines, and we anticipate 
even better sales for the coming year, as prospects for a 
fruit crop are the best in many years. Under present 
conditions we are having our new price list set up 
almost without change. 
As we see the situation, two year apple is going to he 
just as scarce, and perhaps even scarcer, Ilian last year, 
both in the Central West and in the East. 
One year apple —Early indications were that there 
would probably be 15% to 20% more one year apple 
0 an last year. However, throughout the Central West 
d also the other main one year apple regions, we have 
d some of the heaviest rains in history, and probably 
t over one-half the grafts will get planted in time to 
ake salable size stock for Fall. Therefore, as far as 
salable size stock is concerned, one year apple may be 
as scarce or scarcer than last year. In our own plants, 
ordinarily we are through our planting by about the 
middle or the third week in March. Now it is the middle 
of April, and we haven’t finished half our graft planting, 
and not more than a fourth of our grafts planted in our 
Missouri plant—and it is still rainy and wet. 
Therefore, we believe that good sized two year and 
one year apple trees are going to be scarce, and much 
better property than most people now realize. The apple 
crop is practically assured in most apple growing sec¬ 
tions. Apple growers are going to make good money. 
Many of those who could not buy last year, are going to 
have plenty of money and will plant this year. We look 
for an enormously increased demand for apple trees, 
with sale size stock still scarce in the Nurseries. 
From the present outlook, this past year will be the 
largest year in our history—both fruit trees and orna¬ 
mentals. All other lines of business seem to be on the 
up-grade, and we see no reason why we shouldn’t have 
good business next year—but we are somewhat wor¬ 
ried about the following year, because we fear there is 
going to be an over-supply and a good deal of the de¬ 
mand will be taken care of this year. This applies only 
to apple and peach, as we believe cherry and pear will 
be scarce for several years to come. 
One year peach ought to be almost as good property 
as last year, and if the cold, wet weather continues, 
there will be a great deal of damage to the buds, due to 
bush head, mildew, etc., which may greatly reduce the 
available stock coming on. On top of this, there is un¬ 
doubtedly going to be a much larger demand for peach 
trees, because the peach crop is practically assured 
throughout the greater part of the peach growing areas. 
As far as our own business is concerned, we look for 
nearly twice as much demand for peach trees as last 
year, with not much greater available supply than last 
year. 
Yours very truly, 
' LLOYD C. STARK. 
Vice-President, Stark Rro’s N. & 0. Go 
INTERCHANGE OF PLANTS RETWEEN DIFFERENT 
COUNTRIES 
Address by Prof. Dr. John Westerdijk to the Congress of the 
Federation Horticole Professionelle Internationale on 
April 21, 1922, at The Hague 
Horticulture has been suffering a great deal from war condi¬ 
tions. Another evil is troubling and handicapping its develop¬ 
ment nowadays. These are the regulations and rules which dif¬ 
ferent countries have adopted governing the importation of nur¬ 
sery stock, seeds, bulbs, etc., to minimize the carrying of fungus 
parasites and insects, from one country to another. 
The passport for a plant to travel from one part of the world 
to the other is more complicated, requires more work and trouble 
than a man’s. The control of disinfection, the inspection of its 
growing districts involves a large amount of work and gives rise 
to many difficulties. However, anyone studying phytopathology, 
knows that some of these rules are comprehensible. 
We all know that many parasites travelled from the United 
States to Europe and vice versa, from Europe to the United 
States, from Asia to the United States and Europe and so on. 
We know that the Phyloxera, the American gooseberry mildew, 
came over here, and that the White pine blister-rust, the brown- 
tail moth, went from Europe over to the other side of the At¬ 
lantic, that the San Jose scale was a passenger from China to 
the United States. We know that sometimes diseases are more 
virulent in another climate. As to these facts, we are all in the 
same conditions on this and on the other side of the Atlantic or 
in Asia or anywhere. 
The above-mentioned examples happened in the times when 
we knew very little of phytopathology, when this science was 
in its childhood and when hardly any phytopathological control 
existed. 
However, these questions have taken quite another aspect, 
because of the broader knowledge, and the better control of the 
different diseases, we are more able to separate the dangerous 
from the harmless, the more efficient our methods of disinfect¬ 
ing are the milder should be the restrictions. Instead of this, 
we see different countries re-inforcing and strengthening their 
quarantines; Western Europe is beginning in the same way as 
the United States; the movement takes a more hysterical aspect 
and the end will be an absolute isolation of each country’s plant 
products. 
The scientists acknowledge that there is a danger of trans¬ 
porting parasites. Science and practice have to work hand in 
hand concerning these problems, but they must never lose touch 
with each other. But the scientists are also aware that the 
danger is on both sides, as well in Europe as in America. I 
think that this fact has not had sufficient attention drawn to it. 
I want by this address to try to answer two questions for you. 
1st—What are the immediate and possible dangers for West¬ 
ern Europe, if it does not quarantine products from the United 
States? 
2nd—Are the dangers as great with our modern methods of 
control as the quarantine laws from the United States indicate? 
I am going to restrict myself to the fungal and bacterial dis¬ 
eases, as my time is limited and the insects are not quite in my 
line of work. 
For answer to the first question, I will point out the diseases 
for you, which up to this time have not been found in West¬ 
ern Europe, and which may be carried over. I will also mention 
such diseases that are already known here, but which are com¬ 
monly found on American products, because the United States 
also quarantines against diseases which are already spread in 
(heir own country. However, in my opinion some of these 
American conclusions go too far. We must put the “possibility” 
case of diseases changing their force, as the United States do, 
but we must avoid falling into speculations of harmless sapro- 
