228 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
l ions as used arc supposed lo be standardized. The mean¬ 
ing of some, however, is not always clear and this should 
ho remedied. 
9. Horticultural and Garden Periodicals. The 
horticultural writer would he greatly helped, and intelli¬ 
gent publicity thereby promoted by use of standardized 
horticultural rules, terms and abbreviations. 
B. Standard Rules for Growing and Grading 
Nursery Stock 
Definitions —■ 
1. Measurements in Height and Diameter to be 
stated in inches up to 24 inches; all over 24 inches to 
be stated in feet. Examples, 12 to 18 inches; 18 to 24 
inches; either the dash (—) or the word “to” may be 
used between figures; where a size includes feet only, 
Iho measurement should be stated in feet; 1-2 feet. 
2. Caliper. Trees only are to be calipered, and there 
is no objection to calipering any size; it is recommended 
however that calipering be uniform in method and sizes 
of fruit trees and ornamentals, as given below. 
3. Clumps are undivided Herbaceous Perennials, 
shrubs and sometimes trees, with several or many stems, 
or in herbaceous perennials, with several buds or crowns. 
4. Transplanted. It is usually very important to in¬ 
dicate when stock was last transplanted, as follows: tr. 
1 yr., tr. 2 yr., etc. 
5. Averaging Stzes. In digging and shipping, all 
stock should be graded so as to maintain an average of 
values in sizes or otherwise; 100 plants 12 to 18 inches 
should include enough larger sizes to make the average 
15 inches; 1-2 ft. should average 18 inches; the same 
rule applies in calipering. 
6. Balling and Burlapping. (B & B) Where it is 
intended to ball and burlap, this fact should always be 
given by using the abbreviation “B & B” in a suitable 
position. 
7. Specimens. (Spec.) This may be stated to in¬ 
dicate unusually well shaped trees or plants; but does not 
relieve of the necessity of giving other standard informa¬ 
tion as noted in preceding paragraphs. 
8. Seedlings ( S .) Cuttings (Cut.) and Divisions 
(Div.) State age in years, followed by abbreviation for 
propagation method; examples, Berberis thunbergi, 1 yr., 
S. 6-9 in.; Thuja occidentalis, Cut.; Anemone japonica, 
2 yr. Div. 
9. Quality or Grade. Unless otherwise stated, all 
stock offered, advertised or cataloged is understood to 
be of first-class, salable and plantable quality of each 
kind and grade. Heavier grades state as follows: x— 
heavy; xx—very heavy; xxx—very heavy perfect speci¬ 
mens. Light grade suitable only for lining out. or grow¬ 
ing on, state as follows: lg.—Light grade. 
10. Abbreviations. Standard abbreviations of terms 
may be used as desired. 
Grading 
Deciduous Trees. Height give in single feet up to 6 
ft.; example, 5-6 feet. Over 6 ft. give in double feet; ex¬ 
ample, 6-8 ft., 12-14 ft. 
Caliper to be taken 6 in. from the ground, (or above 
collar?). 
Calipering begins at 1 in. and is shown as follows: 
Heights given are minimum. 
Grading Table 
1 to 1% in. cal. 8 to 10 ft. 
114 to 1V 2 in. cal. 10 to 12 ft. 
li/ 2 to 1% in. cal. 12 to 14 ft. 
1% to 2 in. cal. 12 to 14 ft. 
2 to 2% in. cal. 14 to 10 ft. 
2% to 3 in. cal. 14 to 16 ft. 
3 to 3% in. cal. 16 to 18 ft. 
3y 2 to 4 in. cal. 16 to 18 ft. 
4 to 5 in. cal. 18 ft. and up 
5 to 6 in. cal. etc. 18 ft. and up 
Alternate 
8 to 10 ft. 
10 to 12 ft. 
10 to 12 ft. 
12 to 14 ft. 
12 to 14 ft. 
14 to 16 ft. 
14 to 16 ft. 
Where caliper is given the height also is lo be given. 
Clumps indicate three or more stems from the ground. 
Diameter of lop may be stated in feet. 
Street Trees. Unless otherwise specified street trees 
are to be free of branches up to 7 feet, with a single 
leader, well branched and with reasonably straight 
stems. , 
Evergreen Trees. Height, state in 3 inch series up to 
18 inches; then in half foot series up to 4 feet; then in 
foot or two feet series. 
Diameter at base if given, state in 3 inch series up lo 
18 inches; in half foot series up to 4 feet, then in foot 
series. 
Deciduous Shrubs. Height , state in inches up to 18 
inches; usually in 3 inch series; example, 3-6 in., 6-9 in., 
12-15 in., etc. Some stock may best be graded in 6 inch 
series; example, Ligustrum ovalifolium, 12-18 in., over 
18 inches give in half feet up to 3 feet, then by single 
feet up to 6 feet, then in double feet, example, 8-10. 
Diameter state in feet when desirable. 
Clumps indicate 8 or more stems (canes) from the 
ground. 
Evergreen Shrubs. Height same as deciduous. 
Diameter if given, state in 3 inch series up to 18 in., 
then in half feet up to 3 feet, then in feet. 
Clumps indicate 6 or more stems from the ground. 
Vines. Age, state in years from date of propagation. 
Size, state length in inches up to 24 in., then in foot 
series up to 4 feet, then in 2 ft. series. 
Quality or Grade. Average number of stems should 
usually be given. 
Herbaceous Perennials. Age and method of propaga¬ 
tion. State as per general rule preceding. 
Quality or Grade. State number of buds, eyes or 
crowns, also general rule. 
Clumps to have not less than 6 buds, eyes or crowns. 
Field Grown (FGr.) means grown in open field. 
Pots means grown in pots. 
Frames means grown in cold frames. 
Greenhouse (GIL) means grown in greenhouse, hot¬ 
house or propagation house. 
Fruit Trees. 
apple— 
Grading Table 
% and up, 5 to 6 ft. 
% to %, 4 to 6 ft. 
i/ 2 to %. 4 to 5 ft. 
% to %, 3 to 4 ft. 
APPLE (Dwarf) — 
% and up 
Vi to % 
% to % 
1st Alternate 2nd Alternate 
11/16 and up 11/16 and up, 4 y 2 ft. and up. 
% to 11/16 9/16 to 11/16, 3V 2 ft. and up 
% to % 7/16 to 9/16, 3 ft. and up 
5/16 to 7/16, 2 ft. and up 
