262 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
AMERICAN APPLE STOCKS 
The famous fruit stock and other horticultural indus¬ 
tries of Europe were built up by far-sighted men, locat¬ 
ing where climate and soil was favorable and then stick¬ 
ing to it till they produced goods that excelled those from 
any other source. They were not built in one generation, 
as they had to gain experience themselves and train the 
workmen until they produced an article that commanded 
the market. 
The same process in building up these industries in 
different localities in the United States is taking place. 
The Stannard Nursery Company, Ottawa, Kansas, have 
been growing apple and pear stocks continuously for 37 
years. Some of their men have spent a life time at the 
work. They are now producing stocks that are being 
used by the million. 
PARADISE APPLE STOCK 
A correspondent of the Horticultural Trade Journal 
raises the question as to the identity of the Paradise stock 
which is used in Europe as a stock to dwarf apple trees. 
Unfortunately the true identity of many stocks that are 
used is extremely uncertain. “Weathers” in “Commer¬ 
cial Gardening” states the first trees grafted on Paradise 
stocks were imported from France, but the French Para¬ 
dise stock proved too short lived. He mentions an Eng¬ 
lish variety of Paradise stock which is sturdy and long 
lived, does not form tap roots, the many roots of a fibrous 
nature remaining near the surface and often bringing 
apple trees into bearing five years earlier than the same 
variety worked on the crab. 
In the United States dwarf apple trees have not been 
grown very extensively and we believe those which have 
been planted here have largely been imported. 
Quarantine 37 has put an end to imported dwarf and 
trained fruit trees and the question arises, “Will interest 
in them completely die out or will some nurseryman ex¬ 
periment and try to produce them in this country?” The 
Department of Agriculture is already making experi¬ 
ments on stocks for fruit trees. It should be appealed 
to to include dwarfing stocks for apples. While it may 
not be very important from the commercial orcharding 
point of view, there should be a large field among those 
who have small grounds and who practice an intensive 
form of gardening. A very great deal depends upon the 
stocks used. It is time well spent to find out all that is 
possible about them and to know the exact identity of the 
stock being used. 
THE RALDWIN APPLE 
During the severe winter of 1917 to 1918, many Bald- 
win trees in northern New York and in the higher alti¬ 
tudes in other sections of the State were seriously injured 
or completely killed out. This winter-injury has been 
brought home to the growers in the past two or three 
years thru a decline in their Baldwin plantings and, as a 
result, the popularity of the variety has suffered some¬ 
what in certain apple regions. 
The Baldw in is entirely too good a market apple to lose 
favor with commercial growers in general. It is evident, 
however, that the variety is not adapted to localities 
where the winter temperatures drop as low as they do in 
northern New York, and that in such regions varieties 
developed under more severe conditions, such as the Mc¬ 
Intosh should be substituted for the Baldwin. 
Horticulturists at the New York Agricultural Experi¬ 
ment Station at Geneva assert that the Baldwin is an ap¬ 
ple of location and that its tendency to winter-kill is prob¬ 
ably its most undesirable characteristic. The McIntosh, 
on the other hand, is adapted to low temperatures; but 
since it is a late fall or early winter apple, it will never 
compete seriously with the Baldwin on the market. How¬ 
ever, McIntosh can undoubtedly be grown to advantage 
where the Baldwin is dying out from winter-injury. 
COMMEMORATE ORIGINAL DELICIOUS APPLE 
TREE 
A tablet commemorating the original Delicious apple 
tree was dedicated at Winterset, Iowa, August 15 at 
ceremonies attended by horticulturists from all parts of 
the country. In a statement by Secretary of Agriculture 
Henry C. Wallace, read at the dedication, he called at¬ 
tention to the rapid dissemination of this valuable variety 
which is now grown in nearly all apple areas and which 
has won favor on all markets in the short time of 25 
years. 
“It is especially appropriate,” said the secretary, “that 
these ceremonies take place while the original tree is 
still alive and when all the essential facts as to location 
and age, as well as the time and method of its dissemin¬ 
ation as a variety, can be determined with some exact¬ 
ness. In the case of many other popular varieties, such as 
the Baldwin, Northern Spy, Wealthy, and York Imperial, 
their full merits did not become known until after the 
parent trees had died. 
“In the rapid developement of this apple we see strik¬ 
ing evidence of the tremendous developement of the 
nation. Through our many publications valuable dis¬ 
coveries now become known at once and people in differ¬ 
ent places have an opportunity to avail themselves of 
them. Our wonderful developement in transportation has 
made it possible to reap the full benefit of these discover¬ 
ies through the improvement in marketing. In no other 
country, and certainly at no other previous time, could 
the merits of an apple have been made known so quickly. 
This is a nice illustration of the intensiveness of the 
conditions under which we live and of the readiness of 
our people to seize upon and utilize improvements worth 
while. 
“And what a fine thing it is that the people of Iowa 
are in this striking way recording their appreciation of 
one of the many discoveries and triumphs of our rural 
life. We may well honor the men who have served their 
country in time of peril, but should we not equally honor 
the men who have contributed to the comfort and happi¬ 
ness and healthfulness of our people through the tireless 
working out and application of scientific facts or the 
devising of new and better methods for the doing of some 
of the humbler things upon which our progress depends.” 
