56 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
nize the different demands of two entirely different types of 
markets. One of these, the common or general market, will 
pay a fair price for good or common stock. The other, the 
special or fancy market, will pay a fancy price for fancy 
stock. At the present time the box package supplies the 
special or fancy market almost exclusively, while the barrel 
package supplies both, but more especially the common or 
general market. These two classes of markets will always 
exist, or as long as some people are more successful in 
accumulating money than others. It goes without saying 
that the demand for cheap or common fruit, at a fair price, 
will continue to be very much greater than the demand for 
fancy fruit at a high price; because there are many more 
people who are in moderate circumstances than there are 
people who are able to pay fancy prices for fruit. The pro¬ 
portion of fruit growers who are able to grow fancy fruit is 
as small as the proportion of consumers who are able to pay 
fancy prices. Location, soil, and the varieties best adapted 
thereto may make it more profitable to grow staple varieties 
for the common market. This cheap fruit—the main sup¬ 
ply of the great middle class of people—will be marketed in 
barrels to best advantage for many years to come. 
The successful marketing of apples in boxes depends so 
much upon skillful grading and packing and upon the 
possession of a large quantity of fruit so packed, that it 
seems likely that very little impetus will be given to box 
packing in the East except through co-operative shipping 
associations. Here and there an exceptional grower may 
find it profitable to pack his fancy grade of certain varieties 
in boxes; but it does not seem probable that box packing 
will make much headway in the East except through the 
co-operative shipping association, with its trained business 
manager and its crews of trained packers. 
These conclusions indicate that the eastern fruit grower 
should be a conservative on the subject of the box apple 
package. The drift is towards the smaller package—but, at 
the present time and for many years to come, apple growers 
who are so situated that they must produce apples for the 
general or common markets—which means a majority of 
the growers—will find the barrel more profitable. With 
the advent of co-operative shipping associations, the box 
package will become more and more common in the East, 
and eventually even for the common grades of fruit. 
fruit and plant JMotcs 
DWARF APPLES 
There has been a considerable amount of discussion 
during the past five years on the question of whether the 
dwarf apple was a desirable form of the apple tree to plant 
in orchard, either as filler or as a permanent tree. The 
experiments of the New York State Station at Geneva tend 
to demonstrate that there is little advantage in using either 
the Paradise or the Doucin stocks. The former is supposed 
to produce the smaller tree, but as a matter of fact, there is 
so much confusion among nurserymen as to the identity of 
these two types, that there is little certainty as to which the 
purchaser may secure. The experiments of the Geneva 
Station have shown that the trees on Paradise stock have 
borne somewhat earlier than standard trees of the same 
varieties, but the yield has been so small thus far that the 
advantage gained is inappreciable. The claim of greater 
size, better color, and higher quality of fruit produced by 
dwarfs over fruit from standards has not been substantiated 
by the results of the New York Experiment Station. Then, 
again, the greater care in culture demanded by the dwarf 
tree would appear, to offset the temporary advantage of 
earlier bearing. The conclusion of the study up to the 
present time is that while the dwarf tree may be of special 
service to the amateur, it has little value or advantage for 
the grower of commercial orchards. 
VARIETIES OF APPLES FOR THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC 
The following varieties of apples have been recommended 
by W. S. Thornber, horticulturist of the State College of 
Agriculture of Washington: 
Coastal Slopes 
Late 
Inland Valleys 
Late 
Upland Valleys 
Late 
Northern Spy 
Olympia 
Rhode Island Green¬ 
ing 
Yellow Newtown 
Blue Pearmain 
Yellow Bellflower 
Glowing Cool 
Grimes’ Golden 
Ortlev 
Spitzenburg 
Yellow Newtown 
Rome Beauty 
Winesap 
Grimes’ Golden 
Jonathan 
White Winter Pear- 
main 
Delicious 
Rome Beauty 
Wagener 
Jonathan 
Gano 
White Winter Pear- 
main 
York Imperial 
Delicious 
Medium 
Gravenstein 
King 
Duchess 
Medium 
Gravenstein 
Duchess 
King 
Winter Banana 
Medium 
King 
Gravenstein 
Duchess 
Winter Banana 
Early 
Yellow Transparent 
Williams 
Early 
Williams 
Yellow Transparent 
Early 
Yellow Transparent 
Williams 
EXPERIENCE IN RENOVATING ORCHARDS 
Mr. Thomas S. Smith, of 105 South Water Street, 
Chicago, four years ago bought a neglected orchard in New 
York State, paying $16,000 for it. The crop which was on 
it when he bought the place was, of course, a “neglected” 
crop, and consequently amounted to very little? This, with 
the two following crops, not only paid for the entire place, 
but put two thousand dollars of improvements into the 
place, and paid Mr. Smith a commission for selling his own 
apples. I have this statement direct from Mr. Smith him¬ 
self, and I may add that it would be hard to find a business 
man in Chicago who stands higher than Mr. Smith. His 
word is absolutely good with everybody who knows him.— 
Forrest Crissey. 
These instances may be multiplied indefinitely. We 
know a twenty-acre peach orchard which paid last season 
twenty-six per cent, on a capitalization of $1,000 per 
acre.— Editor. 
