THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
267 
“stands for the interest of the nurseryman and the fruit grower 
alike.” This sheet made the statement that the nurserymen 
were “directly opposed to a federal inspection bill,” and that 
The National Nurseryman was strongly in favor of the 
Simmons bill. These statements are not mere inaccuracies, 
they are falsehoods. The nurserymen, as pointed out by this 
journal, are not opposed to inspection that is feasible and 
practicable. The first bill introduced by the United States 
authorities provided for inspection at the port of entry. The 
National Nurseryman promptly made an examination of 
conditions at these points, and demonstrated that inspection 
at the custom-house or docks was entirely out of the question. 
No mention of this has been made by the “independent and 
fearless” journal in question. 
The National Nurseryman has editorially never ex¬ 
pressed itself in favor of any bill yet introduced. It is, 
therefore, our duty, painful or otherwise, to contradict most 
flatly and emphatically this statement of the “independent 
and fearless” trade organ hysterically catering to the nursery 
interests on the one side, and to the orchard and garden 
interests on the other. But we have neither time nor space 
to devote to desultory and irresponsible statements of this 
kind. We are more concerned in discovering a method which 
will harmonize the desires of the official entomologists with 
the trade necessities of the nursery industry. Granted that 
we cannot ask less of foreign importers than we demand of 
interstate shippers, and the question then arises, how are 
these diverging views and requirements to be amalgamated? 
There seems to be only one way. That is for representatives 
of the two parties interested to come together and thresh it 
out. Neither side can claim a monopoly of the knowledge 
bearing upon either pest inspection or trade requirements. 
The entomologists possess valuable technical knowledge; the 
nurserymen, through dearly bought experience, are familiar 
with the practical issues. Therefore^ in this conference each 
party should supplement the other. 
It is exceedingly unfortunate that the parties to the pro¬ 
posed measure should have drifted away from each other, and 
apparently through no fault of the nurserymen. One thing 
is clear, and that is that the nurserymen now stand together 
unitedly on the question, so that if any contest does arise they 
will meet it with a more solid front than ever before. We have 
constantly urged the desirability of j oint conferences. Repre¬ 
sentatives of the Department of Agriculture were invited to 
attend the last meeting of the American Association of Nur¬ 
serymen. They did not appear. Why not? 
HOW TO EXTEND OUR WHOLESALE MARKETS 
By E. S. Welch, Shenandoah, Iowa 
The question of the extension of our wholesale markets is 
an important subject that I shall discuss briefly. In many 
cases, the nurserymen who grow stock extensively must de¬ 
pend largely upon selling their product at wholesale to the 
retailer. 
For the production of the best class of trees, shrubs, etc., 
the personal attention of the owners of a large nursery plant 
is usually required. It is often difficult to find time to dis¬ 
tribute the product direct to the ultimate consmner. 
All of us can help extend our wholesale markets by produc¬ 
ing a better grade of trees, by being careful to grow the 
hardiest and most desirable varieties, and by encouraging the 
distribution and planting of such stock as will give the planter 
the best possible results. 
Superior varieties of nursery stock properly grown, when 
planted, will be the means of increasing the demand for 
desirable stock at prices profitable to the grower. 
The introduction of valuable fruits, ornamentals, roses, 
vines, etc., such as Jonathan, Wealthy, and Delicious apples; 
Montmorency, Bing, and Wragg cherries, the Japanese varie¬ 
ties of plum; Weeping Birch, Elm, and Mulberry; Frau 
Karl Druschki and Rambler Roses, Clematis paniculata and 
other varieties, too numerous to mention, have been the 
means of a wonderful extension of the wholesale market for 
nursery stock. 
The nurseryman can materially assist in creating a demand 
for the best and most desirable varieties, by planting freely 
himself, and giving the necessary attention to produce the 
best possible results. 
He should be an active member of the improvement clubs, 
and various organizations interested in civic improvements, 
and he should take the lead in organizing them, not from a 
selfish standpoint alone; for he should realize the great 
benefits that will accrue to all communities from the planting 
of trees, flowers, roses, etc. While such activity will enlarge 
the markets for nursery products, as a patriotic citizen, it is 
the'duty of the nurseryman to encourage the beautifying of 
our Nation. What is there that will add to the beauty and 
value of real estate like the planting of fruit trees and 
ornamental nursery stock ? 
The nurseryman who can develop and introduce additional 
varieties of superior merit in all lines of horticulture, will 
materially assist in the extension of our markets. The 
development and improvement of our Nation in growing 
fruits, of recent years, has created a greater necessity fo 
growing trees in wholesale quantities. Street, park, and 
ornamental planting is rapidly following in all parts of our 
country; hence the nurseryman has a broad field for the 
development and extension of our wholesale markets. 
THE STANDARDIZATION OF GRADES 
By W. F. Heikes 
I have been asked by the committee on the program to give 
the Association an expression of my views upon the subject 
of the “Standardization of Grades.” As it is somewhat diffi¬ 
cult for me to speak on this subject, with which I have had so 
much to do the past fifty years, without bringing in my per¬ 
sonal experiences, I trust I may be pardoned for any seeming 
egotism. 
The importance of having a fixed rule for determining the 
sizes of the trees and plants grown for sale by nurserymen has 
long been recognized, as any one may see by consulting the 
various catalogues and price lists issued by them for many 
years pa«t. It will be apparent that the grading by different 
nurserymen as shown in their price lists does not follow a 
fixed standard. 
Governed by my experience, I would recommend making 
six to eight grades in the leading kinds of fruit trees, as a rule 
