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THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
The National Nurseryman 
Published monthly by 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN PUBLISHING CO., Inc 
218 Livingston Building, Rochester, N. Y. 
President. THOMAS B. MEEHAN 
Vice-President and Editor, .JOHN CRAIG 
Secretary-Treasurer and Business Manager, ... C. L. YATES 
The only trade journal issued for Growers and Dealers in Nur¬ 
sery Stock of all kinds. It circulates throughout the United 
States, Canada and Europe. 
OflScial Journal of American Association of Nurserymen. 
AfVARDED THE GRAND PRIZE AT PARIS EXPOSITION, igoo 
SUBSCRIPTION RATES. 
One year, in advance.; 55 i.oo 
Six months. .75 
Foreign Subscriptions, in advance.1.50 
Six months.i.oo 
Advertising rates will be sent upon application. Advertisements should reach 
this office by the 20th of the month previous to the date of issue. 
Payment in advance required for foreign advertisements. Drafts on New 
York or postal orders, instead of checks, are requested by the Business Mana¬ 
ger, Rochester, N. Y. 
Correspondence from all po.nts and articles of interest to nurserymen and 
horticulturists are cordially solicited. 
Address. Editor, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Entered in the Post Office at Rochester, as second-class matter. 
Rochester, N. Y., August, 1911. 
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN. 
President—J, H. Dayton, Painesville, Ohio; vice president, W, H. Wyman, North 
Abington, Mass.; secretary, John Hall, Rochester, N. Y; treasurer, C. L. 
Yates, Rochester, N. Y. 
Executive Committee —E. M. Sherman, Charles City, la.; H. B. Chase, Hunts¬ 
ville, Ala.; J. M, Pitkin, Newark, N. Y.; J. H. Dayton, Ex-Officio, ' Psinesville, 
Ohio; John Hall, Ex-Officio, Sec’y. Rochester, N. Y. 
Chairmen of Committees. 
Transportation —D. S. Lake, Shenandoah, la.; Chas. M. Sizemore, Louis¬ 
iana, Mo. 
Tariff —Irving Rouse. Rochester, N' Y. 
Legislation East of Mississippi River —Wm. Pitkin, Rochester, N.Y. 
Legislation West of Mississippi River —Peter Youngers, Geneva, Nebr. 
Exhibits —J. W. Schuette, 5600 Gravois Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 
Arrangements —John Hall, Rochester, N. Y.; J. H. Dayton, Painesvide, O., 
F. A. Weber, Nursery, Mo. 
Editing Report —John Hall, Rochester, N. Y.; Prof. John Craig, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Entertainment —F. A. Weber, Nursery, Mo. 
Forestry —A. 1. Brown, Geneva, Nebr. 
Trade Opportunities —Jefferson Thomas, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Nurserymen’s Share in Civic Improvement—J. Horace McFarland, Harris¬ 
burg, Pa. 
Root-Knot— E. A. Smith, Lake City, Minn. 
Membership —John Watson, Newark. N. Y. 
STATE AND DISTRICT ASSOCIATIONS. 
American Nurserymen’s Protective Association—President, J. W. Hill, Des 
Moines, la.; secretary, Thomas B. Meehan, Dreshertown, Pa. Meets annually 
in June. 
American Retail Nurserymen’s Protective Association—President, Charles J. Brown, 
Rochester, N. Y.; secretary, Guy A. Bryant, Princeton, Ill. Meets annually in 
June. 
Association of Oklahoma Nurserymen—President, J. A. Lopeman, Enid, Oklahoma; 
secretary C. E. Garee, Noble, Oklahoma. 
Canadian Association of Nurserymen—President—E. D. Smith, Winona; secretary, 
C. C. R. Morden, Niagara Falls, Ont. 
Connecticut Nurserymen’s Association—President, C. W Atwater, Collinsville, 
Conn. Secretary, John S. Barnes, Yalesville, Conn. 
Eastern Association of Nurserymen—President, Wm. Pitkin, Rochester, N. Y.; 
secretary-treasurer, William Pitkin, Rochester, N. Y. Meets annually in 
January. 
National Association of Retail Nurserymen—President, E. S. Osborne, Rochester, N. 
Y.; secretary, F. E. Grover. Rochester, N. Y. 
National Nurserymen’s Association of Ohio—President, J. W. McNary, Dayton, O. 
secretary. W. B. Cole, Painesville. O. 
Pacific Coast Association of Nurserymen—President, P. A. Dix, Roy, Utah; secre¬ 
tary-treasurer, C. F. Tonneson. Tacoma, Wash. Meets annually in June. 
Pennsylvania Nurserymen’s Association—President, Samuel C. Moon, Pa., secre¬ 
tary, Earl Peters. Mt. Holy Springs, Pa. 
Southern Nurserymen’s Association—President, W. A. Easterly, Cleveland, Tenn., 
secretary-treasurer, A. I. Smith. Knoxville. Tenn. 
Tennessee Nurserymen’s Association—President, A. I. Smith, Knoxville, Tenn.; 
secretary, G. M. Bentley, Knoxville, Tenn. 
Texas Nurserymen’s Association—President—J. B. Baker, Ft. Worth, Texas; 
secretary-treasurer. John S. Kerr. Sherman, Texas. 
Western Association of Nurserymen—President, Geo. A. Marshall, Arlington, Nebr.; 
secretary-treasurer, E. J. Holman, Leavenworth, Kan. Meets annually second 
Wednesday in December. 
NOTABLE 
PROGRESS 
IN APPLE 
BREEDING 
In the departments of floriculture and in 
vegetable culture, records of remarkable 
achievements in plant improvement work 
are not difficult to And. These are 
plants of comparatively short generation. 
But where the individual deals with 
plants of long generation, like the apple and the pear, 
examples of systematic effort resulting in real progress are 
relatively scarce. 
A bulletin comes to our table from the Director of the 
Dominion Experimental Farms of Ottawa, Canada, Dr. 
William Saunders, which recounts a most interesting episode 
in the breeding of apples for a cold climate. 
When the Experimental farms were established, one was . 
located in each province, each of the then organized provinces . 
of the Dominion, which resulted in one being placed in 
Manitoba and another in the Northwest Territories, which 
had not then been placed on provincial footing. At that time 
no apples of any merit were known to be sufficiently hardy 
to meet the requirements of the northwest plains country. 
At the suggestion of Messrs. Gibb and Budd, of the Province 
of Quebec and Iowa, respectively, who had recently traveled 
in Russia, the Director of the Experimental Farms turned 
to the steppe country of Russia for a foundation, or for 
primary forms of the apple with which to begin the work of 
developing varieties adapted and worthy of cultivation in 
that trying climate. To this end, the berried crab, Pyrus 
baccata, was imported from Russia, seedlings grown and as 
soon thereafter as possible, crosses made with the hardiest 
forms of the cultivated apple and the cultivated crab. 
These crosses included many of the leading sorts of 
crab-apples and most of the hardier types of Russian and 
northwestern apples. The work was notably successful in 
securing hybrids. The trees came into bearing early, and 
some twenty varieties have been described and named, and 
distributed to settlers throughout the Provinces of Manitoba, 
Saskatchewan, and Alberta. 
It is to be remembered that one of the parents, the 
berried crab, Pyrus baccata, has never been injured by 
winter’s cold at Indian Head or at other points in the North¬ 
west Territories where tested. The trees have been prop¬ 
agated on Pyrus baccata stocks and distributed to carefully 
selected farmers throughout the Northwest. Among the 
hybrids of Baccata are crosses with Haas, with Pewaukee, with 
Tetofsky, with Yellow Transparent, McIntosh, McMahon 
White, and several of the Russian varieties. This is 
a case where a small form of the apple, formerly producing 
fruit averaging less than a half inch in diameter, was crossed 
, with the cultivated, hardy kinds. Many of the cross breeds 
of the first generation were twelve to fourteen times heavier 
than the pistillate bearing Pyrus baccata. The twenty 
varieties mentioned above are selected out of some eight 
hundred which have fruited. The remainder were inferior 
or unpromising in one respect or another. 
Of the crosses with Pyrus prunifolia, which is the botanical 
name of the Siberian crab, the fruit has reached a size of two 
inches in diameter, though most of the specimens are below 
this size. The flesh of this race of hybrids is mostly fine¬ 
grained, juicy, with occasional traces of astringency. In 
