438 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
this tends to prevent insects and worms from getting a start on the 
leaves. 
Spraying with insecticides begins as soon as the seedlings are 
seven or eight inches high in order to catch any leaf rollers that may 
have escaped the brooms. If season is rainy, damp, or there is con¬ 
siderable cloudy weather, Bordeaux is used also to keep leaves in 
healthy condition and to prevent their spotting or dropping. 
If the seed procured was good, if properly treated, if not dried so 
much before planting, if the rains have not drowned the seedlings 
out, or the dry weather caught them, if the winds have not cut them 
off, if the spraying was effective and the leaf roller failed to find them 
by the last of October we commence to dig. 
We use a digger similar to a tree digger, excepting in Width: it is 
only ten inches wide. Seedlings are cut at a depth of sixteen inches. 
The pullers follow the diggers closely, pulling bunching, tying and 
burying the seedlings in a deep furrow in the field. Only a few 
minutes elapse between the time the digger passes under the seed¬ 
lings until'they are pulled, buried and covered, tops and all. If the 
pullers do not follow closely to the digger and the seedlings should 
stand for an hour or so in a hot sun or high wind after cutting, they 
will become soft and willowly, with a tendency to die back at the tip, 
showing their loss of vitality. 
After seedlings have been buried in the field for fifteen to twenty 
days, the leaves begin to drop off, and it is then safe to take them up 
and haul them to the grading cellar. Here they are buried in beds 
in a convenient place near to where they are to be graded. In these 
beds the bunches stand upright, they are wet when put in and 
covered with dirt until only an occasional top is exposed, then a 
cover of manure or leaves is spread over the beds and they are left 
in this way for several weeks in order to sweat the balance of the 
leaves off before grading. Here is our last danger point—-if a heavy' 
rain or a late warm spell should come the bed is liable to heat and the 
entire crop may bum up. There is no sure preventive against burn¬ 
ing, but by using a liberal quantity of dirt between the layers when 
seedlings are trenched in the liability may be lessened. 
Grading begins about December 1st, in cellars built for this pur¬ 
pose. Seedlings are hauled in from the beds, run over the “shaker” 
to get out the leaves and dirt from the bunches,, and placed upon the 
benches where each man takes out his particular grade. Several 
will take out No. 1 straight, and pile what are left upon another 
bench. Here the next grade, No. L branched, are separated, and 
so on, passing from bench to bench until all the different grades are 
taken out. Each man continues on the same grade during the 
grading season. As soon as graded the seedlings are tied in bunches 
and go through a trap door to the storage cellars where the pack¬ 
ing and shipping is done. 
An ideal No. Straight Apple Seedling is one that is 14 to 16 
inches long, is at least three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter at the 
collar and three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter seven inches below 
the collar and continues straight between these two points. An 
ideal No. 2 apple seedling is one that is 12 inches long, is at least two- 
sixteenths of an inch in diameter at the collar and is two-sixteenths 
of an inch in diameter seven inches below the collar and continues 
straight between these two points. An ideal No. 1 branched seed¬ 
ling is one that is at least three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter at 
the collar and has three or more roots, well distributed, not exceed¬ 
ing three and one-half inches below the collar. A No. 3 seedling is 
one that is two-sixteenths of an inch in diameter at the collar but 
fails to carry its diameter of two-sixteenths far enough down to grade 
No. 2, it is sometimes branched. 
A peculiar thing about the growing of apple seedlings is the fact 
that they cannot be grown with profit in small quantities. If a firm 
uses only 100,000 to 300,000 in a season, it is economical to buy 
father than to grow them. There is no profit ordinarily in growing 
as small a lot as five acres. This condition arises from the fact that 
to properly handle the seedling business it takes special tools, drills, 
cultivators, diggers, cellars, all expensive equipments that can be 
used for no other crop. 
The result is that the growing of all the twenty to forty million 
of American grown apple seedlings that are used in this country 
every year is undertaken by less than a dozen firms. 
NURSERYMEN WANTED 
Wanted two good men, one as foreman and the other 
assistant. Expert knowledge not so important as 
practical experience and ability to do things. Must 
be strictly temperate. Address “ABILITY,” care of 
National Nurseryman, stating experience, age, wages 
expected, etc. 
Splendid assortment of standard and new sorts. Now 
is the best time to engage all varieties, and the only time 
to secure some varieties. Send list of approximate wants 
for lining out. 
-?sf I F F n I F /loral. company®! 
LULL AspRiNqriCLD-oHio-J 
EXPERT 
ROSE . 
GROWERS 
GRAPE VINES A SPECIALTY 
T. S. Hubbard Company 
FREDONIA, N. Y. 
ESTABLISHED 43 YEARS 
We offer for Fall and Spring trade a large and complete stock 
of one and two year old GRAPE VINES in strong grades for 
nurserymen and dealers trade. 
We also have an extra nice stock of one year CURRANTS. 
Send us your want list for prices. 
------ 
CALIFORNIA AND AMOOR RIVER PRIVET 
Large stock in all grades. This stock being our leading specialty we are able 
to quote low prices, and believe that we now have the largest stock of any Nursery 
in the country. Besides we offer Shade Trees, Shrubs, Berry Plants, Grape 
Vines, Roses, Cannas, Etc., Etc. Special prices on car load lots for booking of 
early orders. 
Trade List ready August the first. 
VALDESIAN NURSERIES, 
Bostic Department, Bostic, North Carolina. 
R O R SALE 
Silver and Norway Maple, Carolina Poplar, American Arbor Vitae, 
and California Privet; also 10,000 .one-year Apple. Very Fine. 
Would exchange for Feigley Tree Digger 
R. R, HARRIS, Harrisville, W. Va. 
General Line of NURSERY STOCK 
i year Peach, Berberis Thunbergii,. Ibota 
Privet and White, Scotch, and Austrian Pine 
M. T.. TWOMEY, lO Tremont St., BOSTON, Mass. 
PEONIES 
ONLY BY THE WHOLESALE 
Let me send you my list of OVER ONE HUNDRED Best Varieties 
J. F. ROSENFIELD, - WEST POINT, NEBR. 
L. F. DINTELMANN, Belleville, Ill. 
Apple, Pear, Peach, Cherry and Plum Trees, Evergreens, 
Ornamental Shrubs, Roses, Gladiolus, Cannas and Dahlias 
Nurserymen Should Try My Simplex Tree Baler 
IT DOES THE WORK. PRICE $16.00. 
Special 20,000 California Privet. 
KANSAS CITY NURSERIES 
GEO* H. JOHNSTON, Proprietor 
(Successor to Blair & Kaufman) 
2 33- 2 34 Rialto Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. 
Offer for FALL 1909 and SPRING 1910 large stock of Carolina 
Poplars; Catalpa Seedlings; Cal. Privet; Concord Grapes; Currants; 
Asparagus; and a full line of Ornamental Shrubs, Paeonies, etc. 
