5°° 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
Fig. 2. 
Folder on Leaf 
long, and a little more than half an inch across the expanded 
wings. 
The distinguishing characters of the 
larva are the yellowish head and cervical 
shield, just back of the head. Most of the 
other common leaf-rollers which are found 
on the apple have a brown or a black head. 
This particular larva is rather small, some¬ 
thing over half an inch long when full 
grown, while the other common apple leaf- 
rollers measure nearly an inch long when 
mature. The flat folded leaf will usually 
distinguish the work of this larva from that 
of the other leaf-rollers, which roll the leaf 
in a cylindrical fashion, rather than 
fold it. 
Results of Spraying .—The home-made 
arsenate of lead was used in practically 
all the experimental sprayings. When 
this spray was applied at the 
proper time excellent results 
were obtained. The proper 
time to spray proved to be when 
the leaf-folders were very young, 
or when they were still in the 
egg stage. Spraying after the 
folders had attained any size 
was useless, since they were out 
of reach inside the folded leaves. 
In Iowa the leaf-folders ap¬ 
peared three times during the 
season; the three broods of the 
year. The first brood appeared 
as soon as the leaves were out on 
the trees; the second, about the 
middle of June; the third, early 
in August. Since it was found 
best to spray early in the game 
the proper times for spraying, 
for the latitude of Iowa at any 
rate, would be somewhat earlier. The spraying, then, 
should be made: First, as soon as the leaves appear; 
second, the first week in June; third, the first week in 
August. It is always better to spray early than to spray 
late. Spraying too late is only throwing away labor and 
material. In cases of severe infestation it would be wise to 
make two applications for a single brood, about a week 
apart. 
Where it was very thoroughly applied the single strength 
arsenate of lead was satisfactory. The one and one-half 
strength is advised, however, in order to make sure of the 
matter. The formula for this strength is given in the sum¬ 
mary at the end of this article. 
Many people prefer to use the prepared arsenate of lead, 
which has only to be weighed out and placed in the spray 
tank. Any of the well known commercial brands of arse¬ 
nate of lead would no doubt be effective for spraying. Of 
these prepared brands two to three pounds to fifty gallons of 
water should be used. 
The importance of careful spraying cannot be emphasized 
too strongly. It is almost impossible to do good work with 
an ordinary nursery sprayer with the nozzles attached to a 
stationary cross bar. It is much better to have a man walk 
along behind the spray cart, with a nozzle in each hand, so 
as to actually cover the foliage with the poison. 
Summary, i. The lesser apple leaf-folder is a small 
green “worm” which folds the leaves of apple and plum 
stock in nurseries and young orchards. The leaves are 
folded over flat, the lower surface of the leaf outside and the 
fold usually along the midrib. The “worm” itself is green, 
about half an inch long, and has a pale yellow head. 
2. The leaf-folders appear three times during the season: 
First, as soon as the leaves are out on the trees; second, 
about the middle of June; third, early in August. The 
folders remain on the trees from four to six weeks before 
they become mature. 
3. To be effective, spraying must be done when the leaf 
folders are very young, or when they are still in the egg stage. 
The proper times to spray, as 
determined by the experimental 
work in Iowa, are as follows: 
First, as soon as the leaves ap¬ 
pear; second, the first week in 
June; third, the first week in 
August. These dates are for an 
average season. 
4. The home-made arsenate 
of lead gave excellent results in 
spraying for the leaf-folders, 
applied when the folders were 
still in the egg stage. The one 
and one-half strength is advised 
and is made as follows: 
Arsenate of soda . 6 ounces 
Acetate of lead . . 18 ounces 
Water 50 gallons. 
Fig. 3. Pupae and Moth on Leaf. Slightly enlarged. 
Dissolve the two chemicals in 
separate vessels, each in about two quarts of water. The 
sugar of lead may need to be slightly warmed to make it 
dissolve. When ready to use pour the two solutions 
separately into fifty gallons of water, thus forming the 
arsenate of lead. 
5. If a prepared arsenate of lead is used, 2 or 3 pounds 
of the paste should be taken to 50 gallons of water. Paris 
green may be used, although the arsenate of lead is consider¬ 
ed better. One-third of a pound of Paris green to 50 gal- 
ffins of water should be sufficient, adding about a pound of 
lime to prevent burning of the leaves. 
[This article will be spec- \ ✓ 
ially appreciated by the nur¬ 
serymen of the Mississippi val¬ 
ley who no doubt have already 
made the acquaintance of this 
enemy of apple trees in nur¬ 
sery.—E d.] ' ff f 7 x 
Fig. 4. Orange form of the Moth. 
Enlarged. 
