514 the national nurseryman 
TARGET BRAND MAKES A GOOD RECORD 
By M. T. Frame 
The Protumna Apple Orchard, owned by Mr. John W. 
Stewart, Martinsburg, W. Va., produced this last season 
about 6000 barrels of apples, over 95 per cent of which 
graded No. 1 and produced a pack which brought testi¬ 
monial letters from a dozen different states of the Union, 
as well as from England, Scotland and Germany. Nothing 
but the Target Brand spray materials has been used in this 
orchard for several years. After a thorough study and 
many experiments as to the best methods of applying the 
different sprays the following methods were adopted as pro¬ 
ducing the best results. 
Target Brand Scale Destroyer at 1 to 20 sprayed through 
“Mist” Nozzles at a pressure of over 125 pounds, beginning 
as soon as the leaves dropped in the fall. For experimental 
purposes a number of trees in this orchard have been sprayed 
nine times in the last five years with oil with absolutely no 
accumulative effect (so called) from the oil. These trees 
are the healthiest in the orchard. 
Target Brand Arsenate of Lead two pounds in 50 gallons 
of water, was sprayed through direct drive “Bordeaux” 
Nozzles at a pressure of 125 to 225 pounds. Just as soon as 
the petals of the middle blossom of the cluster of blossoms 
began to fall, three Compressed Air Outfits were started at 
once and the entire orchard of 100 acres was covered in six 
days drenching the blossoms by driving the spray straight 
into them before the calyx cups closed. No second 
spraying with Arsenate of Lead was necessary. 
Target Brand Quick Bordeaux (4-6-50 Formula) was 
used with the Arsenate of Lead on York Imperial but not on 
Ben Davis. During June the whole orchard was covered 
with a heavy application of Bordeaux to hold the foliage. 
The Bordeaux was made fresh daily and every tank was 
tested with Potassium Ferrocyanide solution for non-acid 
test. Much of this Bordeaux was still sticking to the foliage 
at picking time. 
THE PEAR INDUSTRY AND PEAR BLIGHT 
The great enemy of the pear all over the United States is 
the Blight. Blight is caused by bacteria in the sap. Bac¬ 
teria is of the lowest order of germ life; it is thread shaped 
and about one nine-thousandth part of an inch in length. 
Being located in and confined to the sap, the only way to 
prevent inoculation of the sap and to repel the germs after 
the sap is inoculated is to treat and medicate the sap. To 
try to kill blight by spraying the outside of the tree is like 
trying to check typhoid fever by rubbing the skin with 
permanganate of potash, carbolic acid or some other germi¬ 
cide. All experiments along that line have failed. Statis¬ 
tics show that blight is increasing. Scientists say there is 
no (cure or preventive for blight further than cutting the 
diseased limbs away and cutting out the canker blotches on 
the bodies and large limbs of the tree. These canker blotch¬ 
es or hold over blight, as they are called in California, furnish 
the fermented sap laden with bacteria which oozes through 
the bark and comes to the surface in the spring and is eaten 
by about fifty kinds of insects, especially by bees and ants. 
Then these insects visit the flowers and buds of the trees and 
deposit the bacteria and blight is the result of the proper 
preventive is not used. 
A preventive preparation has been discovered and 
patented in the United States and in Canada. This com¬ 
pound is applied to the bodies and to the large limbs of trees 
by a paint brush. It does not wash off by rain. It does 
not evaporate. There is no water in it. It penetrates the 
bark and taints the sap to the extent that bacteria does not 
and can not live in it. After blighting trees have been 
treated on their bodies and large limbs up three or more feet 
and as soon as the sap has become tainted the downward 
trend of the blight ceases. It is not necessary to cut out the 
canker blotches on the bodies and limbs of trees. A 
thorough application of this preparation to said canker 
blotches when the trees are being painted serves a double 
purpose. First it kills the bacteria. Second, it repells all 
insects. 
This treatment has been in use nine years; first, locally 
in Kansas and Missouri, and for the last five years it has 
been used in many states by leading orchardists and nur¬ 
serymen who own thousands and tens of thousands of pear 
trees and in every instance it has proven a success. Refer¬ 
ences can be given that will satisfy any reasonable man. 
All varieties of pears may be planted in good ground and 
given thorough cultivation, so as to obtain the best quality 
of fruit. They can be as safely grown as cottonwoods. If 
treated from the start they will never show blight. 
Apple twig blight and the blight of nut bearing trees is 
probably the same as pear blight. 
Independence, Mo. R. Warnock, 
THE NECESSITY OF SPRAYING AND THE MACHINES 
TO USE 
In this the age of spraying it seems almost superfluous to 
mention its necessity but I am asked so often whether it 
really pays to spray that I address this open letter to all 
farmers and fruit growers answering the question: It cer¬ 
tainly does. If your trees are affected with San Jose Scale, 
Oyster Shell Scale or any of the scale diseases you must spray 
if you would protect their health, for if you do not it will be 
only a matter of time until your orchard will be destroyed. 
Spraying with the lime-sulphur solution is a positive preven¬ 
tion for any of the scale diseases, there are also several ready 
made solutions on the market that are equally good and 
much easier applied, which are probably better for those 
who have only a few trees. I have seen orchardists that to 
the ordinary observer would appear to be ruined which were 
saved by proper pruning and spraying, but don’t let the 
scale get a start as it is so easy to control and will do very 
little damage to the trees if you spray them as soon as the 
scale appears. Watch your trees closely and if there are 
any signs of scale send a twig that is affected to your State 
Experiment Station and they will tell you whether it is 
scale or not and also what to do. Spraying for scale must 
be done while the trees are dormant and they should be 
sprayed now, and again before they bud out in the spring. 
Often the foliage comes out, spraying with Bordeaux with a 
suitable insecticide is very valuable in increasing the crop 
and promoting a healthy growth of the trees and fruit. 
