688 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
branching, leaves, etc., did not perceptibly differ. The 
largest tree in the orchard, as well as the smallest one, were 
trees diseased with crown-gall, and of equal size with the 
healthy ones when set out. The largest tree developed 
hairy-root from hard crown-galls, but the smallest did not. 
About three per cent more of the diseased trees died than 
of the healthy ones in our two oldest orchards. In a young¬ 
er orchard, planted in a very dry season, a greater per cent 
of trees diseased with hairy-root lived than of healthy ones; 
and a greater per cent of healthy trees than of those dis¬ 
eased with crown-gall. 
From this it appears that the effect of crown-gall upon 
orchard trees is slight and has been greatly over-estimated; 
and further, that the disease does not spread rapidly 
through an apple orchard, as has been asserted by some. 
No method of entirely eliminating the disease in the nur¬ 
sery has been discovered. The per cent of healthy trees 
can be greatly increased by carrying out the following sug¬ 
gestions: i. Select roots and scions for root-grafting, or 
seedlings and buds for budding from healthy plants. 
2. Carefully fit the scion to the root in root-grafting, and 
wrap tightly and firmly the cut surfaces in the union, es¬ 
pecially the lower end of the scion. 3. Avoid the long stor¬ 
age of root-grafts, unless in cold storage, since the over¬ 
production of callus favors the entrance of the disease. 
4. Avoid wounding trees in the nursery row with the hoe 
or cultivators. 5. Avoid planting in wet, heavy soils. 
If crown-gall on apple trees were the only disease to be 
inspected, the act of inspection is hardly necessary, unless 
it may be shown later that the disease greatly lessens the 
fruiting of trees in the orchard and affects the growth of 
older trees in the orchard differently from that of younger 
ones. 
On the other hand, crown-gall under certain conditions, 
severely injures grapes, raspberries, and probably peach 
trees; and under other conditions has little effect upon 
them. Where these fruits are extensively grown crown- 
gall might be communicated to them from diseased apple 
trees to their detriment. It is plainly the duty of the in¬ 
spector to keep out plants diseased with crown-gall from 
such sections. 
Obituary 
E. H. REYNOLDS 
E. H. Reynolds, the oldest nurseryman in the state of 
Michigan, died at his residence in Monroe on Friday, July 
22d, at the age of ninety-two. Mr. Reynolds was born in 
Binghamton, New York. He moved to Michigan at an 
early age and commenced growing nursery stock at Mon¬ 
roe sixty-one years ago. The E. H. Reynolds nursery was 
later combined with the Lewis nursery of Monroe under 
the firm name of the Reynolds & Lewis nurseries. In 
1889 Mr. Reynolds retired from business and his interests 
were acquired by D. D. Winkworth. The nursery at this 
time was incorporated and has since been known as the 
Michigan Nursery Company. Mr. Winkworth has been 
president and manager since 1889. 
Mr. Reynolds was always an active and influential 
nurseryman. He was interested in church and politics 
and held many important .offices in Monroe. He was one 
of the founders of the Republican party under the oaks 
at Jackson, Michigan. 
J. W. COGDALL PASSES AWAY AT SPRINGFIELD, ILL. 
Died at 8 a. m. Wednesday, May 11, 1910, at his home one and 
one-half miles east of the city, J. W. Cogdall, aged 58 years. 
The funeral will be held at 2:30 o’clock tomorrow afternoon at 
Kumler M. E. church. Interment will be made in Oak Ridge 
cemetery. 
Mr. Cogdall was born in Menard county and had resided in this 
county for the last seventeen years. He was a well-known fruit 
grower and had many friends in this locality. Mr. Cogdall'was a 
member of Kumler M. E. church. He has been ill for several 
months. 
Deceased is survived by his wife, Mrs. Priscilla Cogdall; two 
sons, Dwight and William; two daughters, Mrs. Minnie Frederick 
and Miss Elma Cogdall; two brothers, George of Chicago and 
Edward of Petersburg, and one sister, Mrs. N. P. Nelson of Peters¬ 
burg. 
FALSE BRANDING OF FRUIT PACKAGES 
If the following decision with reference to the printing of 
geographical names on packages of food, under the pure 
food and drug law, does not catch the eye of certain local 
dealers who have been known to buy up discarded packages, 
fill them with grapes, apples, peaches, melons, etc., and sell 
them on the reputation of the brand which belongs to 
others, it will be a losing game for those caught playing it, as 
out of more than 3000 cases of violation of the food laws, the 
Government has lost only three. 
The board holds that the terms “Rocky Ford” and 
“Indian River” have not become sufficiently generic to indi¬ 
cate styles, types or brands of melons and oranges, respec¬ 
tively, but that these geographical names are only properly 
applied to the product of the restricted area for the melons 
which are grown in or near Rocky Ford, and for the product 
grown in or near the Indian River. Inasmuch as the term 
“Rocky Ford” has thus been associated with a melon of 
peculiar excellence of a certain geographical locality, the 
board holds that it is unlawful to sell in interstate commerce 
melons not grown in the Rocky Ford district as “Rocky 
Ford Seed” melons. The terms are nearly alike, the intent 
is to deceive, and the law provides that a label should not be 
false or deceptive in any particular. 
MARKET FOR AMERICAN APPLES IN BERLIN 
That there is a promising market for high class American 
fruit in the leading German cities, Berlin in particular, is the 
opinion of F. A. Waugh, recently expressed in the Country 
Gentleman. He describes the manner in which native and 
imported fruit is handled, and characterizes the whole as 
exceedingly primitive and backward. Although the price 
secured by the better grades is comparatively high it would 
appear that the market for this class is comparatively 
limited. He believes that an “enterprising” American 
agent could however do a good deal toward overcoming the 
defects of the local marketing machinery,'but even as things 
stand there is a big market for American fruit, capable of 
taking quantities of our product at profitable prices. 
