THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
767 
SPRAYING FOR PEACH FRUIT SPOT OR FUNGUS 
A. B. CORDLEY AND C. C. CaTE, 
Oregon Agricultural College 
x. Peach fruit spot probably causes a loss to the peach 
and apricot growers of Oregon greater than that caused by 
all other peach diseases. 
2. The two seasons’ work has demonstrated conclusively 
that the disease can be practically eliminated from an 
orchard by spraying. 
3. Good results can be obtained by spraying either with 
Bordeaux mixture or with lime-sulphur solution. The 
results so far are slightly in favor of the Bordeaux mixture. 
4. Some danger to foliage accompanies summer spraying 
with either Bordeaux or lime-sulphur. Therefore, care 
should be exercised in preparing the spray and in not using 
it too strong. 
5. The fall application seems to be more efficient than 
any other single one. It should be made as soon as possible 
after the late fruit is gathered. If San Jose scale is present, 
lime-sulphur (1 to 10 or 12) should be used; if not, Bor¬ 
deaux may be used if preferred. This fall application is 
beneficial also in controlling the peach twig blight. (See 
illustration.) It is possible that one annual fall spraying 
may be all that is necessary to control the twig blight and 
the fruit spot. 
6. Spraying just as the buds are swelling in spring is 
useless as a preventative of peach fruit spot. This is, how¬ 
ever, the most important application for the control of 
peach leaf curl and should not be omitted if this disease 
has been prevalent. 
7. Peach fruit spot attacks the fruit between about 
May 10 and June 15. 
8. The first spring spraying, therefore, should be done 
about May 10; the second about June 1. If the disease 
has been unusually prevalent, or if rainy weather favorable 
to the growth of the fungus occurs, the second application 
may be made about May 20 to 25, and a third one about 
June 5 to 10. 
—Better Fruit. 
NURSERY LANDS IN THE UNITED STATES 
By W. H. Stark 
The following strong plea by Mr. W. H. Stark, made at 
the last convention of nurserymen at Denver, for the 
ownership of land by nurserymen, instead of the some¬ 
what common practice of renting areas, is well worth the 
reading, and careful consideration. 
There are three fundamental factors which are the 
source of all wealth produced. First land, second labor, 
third capital. They can not be separated and what 
influences one affects the others. Some individuals go so 
far as to say there is but one basic factor, and that is land. 
Although this is not so, land is of great importance, especi¬ 
ally to the nurseryman and it has become a more vital 
question of his success each year. The conditions are 
changing rapidly. The free government lands are practi¬ 
cally exhausted and real estate is rising in value by leaps 
and bounds. All of this reacts on the other two factors, 
labor and capital, as they arc influenced decidedly by 
development and the increasing land values. The nursery¬ 
men of today should own or control most of their land. 
The successful nurseryman of tomorrow must own his land. 
There was a time in the past when the business could be 
carried on successfully by renting and thus getting new and 
fresh fields for each crop, but the fields have lost much of 
their original fertility and circumstances are different. 
Commodore W. K. Vanderbilt stated that a corporation 
can not afford to own land, but should lease everything and 
keep its capital spread out as much as possible, constantly 
turning it over and over. The Commodore found the old 
school of railroaders whose slogan was “The Public be 
Damned.” That time is past and the railroads are finding 
that another policy is necessary, and likewise, the Commo¬ 
dore’s views on leasing land do not hold for present day 
conditions. 
“You must buy land”—I might have used that for my 
subject instead of “Nursery Lands of the United States,” 
but I did not want to be mistaken at the start for one of 
the western real estate agents, some of whom will sell the 
unsuspecting tenderfoot anything from a granite mountain 
peak to a patch of saline sage brush. But, whether you 
buy your land from the old settler or the real estate agent, 
it is necessary that you own or control it. To beat competi¬ 
tion in the open market, to meet fluctuating conditions, to 
establish a permanent trade, to specialize in the line of 
propagation best suited to your conditions and eliminate 
as many of the risks as possible, it is necessary to be largely 
independent of rented land—to own sufficient for your own 
work. 
When land was cheap and abundant, many of the dis¬ 
advantages of renting could be overlooked, but now it is 
scarce and high. You can not lease land with roads and 
ditches laid out, and properly tiled to suit nursery work. 
The question of tiling alone is highly important. It is not 
only necessary for wet sour land but very beneficial to well 
drained land, as it disposes of surplus soil water in less 
time, thereby lengthening the growing season and also 
increasing the effectiveness of fertility in the soil, both of 
which are of special importance in the costly cultivation of 
trees. Whether a field is productive or not, the cost of the 
growing of a block of trees on it is the same. I have in 
mind two adjoining fields. One has been leased to various 
tenants for some years, the other has been carefully farmed 
and fertilized since the timber was cleared. The latter will 
produce fifty per cent more in the way of farm crops, and 
in nursery stock it will yield a block which is worth some 
hundreds of dollars more per acre. A great deal of profit is 
lost by planting on unsuitable land. But you cannot 
afford to heavily fertilize a rented field and leave most of 
the lime, phosphate and other elements in the ground for 
the next renter. Neither is it very practicable to lease 
land several years ahead and grow clover, cow' peas or 
other green manures, although many heavy fertilizer bills 
can be saved in this way. While not washing to be too 
personal, I have in mind an illustration, a model plant of its 
kind of permanency, wffiere there is concentration, and 
