THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
791 
TREES IN THE WINTER LANDSCAPE 
The Warmth of the Conifer 
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THE MISSION OF DIFFERENT TYPES 
Many planters in setting out trees and shrubs have only 
in mind the appearance and effect of these shrubs during the 
growing season, but as a matter of fact, is it not more impor¬ 
tant to know their influence on the landscape during the 
bare and cheerless period of the winter months? A writer 
in Park and Cemetary 
of recent date has the 
following to say on 
this interesting sub¬ 
ject: 
“While we can 
secure much pleasure 
from the observation 
of trees in their bark, 
twig and fruit forma¬ 
tion, yet the most 
impressive winter 
effects are largely 
produced b y using 
the hardy coniferous 
evergreen with a lav¬ 
ish hand. In this 
connection, it may be 
said that an infinite 
variety of evergreens 
is not necessary to 
produce fine effects; 
while the list of the 
iron-clad evergreens, 
suitable for Northern 
climate is woefully 
short, yet we have 
no reason to be dis¬ 
turbed. O n larger 
places the liberal 
planting of pines and 
hemlopks for screen¬ 
ing unsightly build¬ 
ings and checking the force of the Winter winds, will have 
much to do with the successful treatment of the place, for 
one can better appreciate the subtle beauties of a Winter 
landscape if protected from the force of the icy wind by 
an effective screen of tall and stately evergreen trees. 
objection to the use of the American hemlock is that it can¬ 
not be employed near large cities on account of the smoke 
and sulphur gases, which are always present in manufactur¬ 
ing districts. In both large and small places the Douglas 
spruce (Pseudotsuga Douglasi) with its dark green foliage, 
and the Colorado green spruce (Picea pungens) and its 
varieties (glauca and 
Kosteriana), give 
variety to the Winter 
landscape. 
Residence ofj H. W. Van der Bom, Oudenbosch. 
IMMEDIATE 'fi 1 
EFFECTS & 
For immed i a fre' ’ 
effect and for filling 
in between the more 
permanent pines and 
spruces the Norway 
spruce (Picea excelsaj 
is useful, but as it very 
often outlives its use¬ 
fulness at an early age 
it is only useful for the 
purpose of temporary 
effects. The moun¬ 
tain pine (P. Mughus) 
is the most useful of 
the low growing ever¬ 
greens for our North¬ 
ern climate and is not 
out of place on the 
smallest lawn. When 
massed at the foot of 
larger evergreens, it 
is extremely effec¬ 
tive. Some of the 
junipers can safely be 
employed in the 
North. And by far 
ft? 
THE PINES 
The most useful large growing pines for Northern plant¬ 
ing are the white pine (P. Strobus), the Austrian pine (P. 
Austriaca), and the Scotch pine (P. sylvestris). The soft 
effect of the delicate needles of the white pine when young, 
and its stately appearance when old, place it pre-eminently 
in the lead, while the larger needles of the Austrian and 
Scotch pines contrast well and give variety. The only 
the most effective of all is Juniperus Virginiana glauca, the 
glaucous form of the common red cedar. It is much more 
hardy than the type and it will thrive in the smoky 
atmosphere of the city as will no other cedar. Its 
whitish effect, like that of the Colorado blue spruce, is par¬ 
ticularly striking. Juniperus Chinensis stricta is also an 
evergreen of the first rank for the North. 
LOW PLANTING 
For low planting, Juniperus Sabina, the Savin Juniper is 
excellent, while Juniperus communis var. nana, which is 
still lower in growth, gives us an opportunity to produce an 
evergreen carpet when it is desired. As a useful hardy ever¬ 
green, we cannot overlook the Japanese yew (Taxus 
