THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
793 
$2.75 to $3.25, McIntosh Reds $3.00 to $4.50, Wealthies 
$2.50 to $3.50, Snows $2 .00 to $3.00, Pippins and Porters 
$2.00 to $2.50. Harveys $2.50 to $3.00, Hubbardstons $2.00 
to $2.50, Pound Sweets $2.50 to $3.00, Common Green 
Apples, $1.50 to $2.00, Slack packed, and badly graded 
parcels, bring anywhere from $1.50 to $2.00. 
Geo. A. Cochrane 
INSURANCE FOR TREES 
It has been suggested that a sort of insurance policy be issued to 
fruit growers by nurserymen who are willing to guarantee that their 
trees are true to name. 
We do not know how practical the plan is, nor do we know 
whether the details have been worked out, but it seems that there 
ought to be some recompense for the fruit grower who buys a tree of 
a certain variety, and puts his money and time for several years into 
its cultivation, to find it is something he did not want. 
Of course errors will occur in the best of nurseries, but as in any 
other business, the man making the mistake should stand the 
expense, not the fruit grower who is the sufferer .—Fruit Grower and 
Gardener, May, 1910. 
THE CHOICE OF TREES FROM THE NURSERY 
By W. T. Clark, Professor of Horticulture, Univ. of California. 
Be content, then, to limit your choice of fruits, of trees, 
from the nursery to the standard market varieties, and if 
you feel that you must plant some much wanted novelty, 
why, do this in your “house orchard.” You can thus 
satisfy your own desire to grow the novelty and at the same 
time you do not endanger the success of the main enterprise, 
your commercial orchard. 
Having determined the kinds of fruit you are going to 
grow, then you should make personal acquaintance with 
the nursery and if possible with the nurseryman from whom 
you intend to get your trees. You say, perhaps, that you 
cannot afford all this preliminary effort and expense. You 
can certainly afford it if in this way you can secure more 
satisfactory trees for your young orchard. 
Another point the intending planter should bear in mind 
is that in hunting for cheap trees he can usually find them, 
and, as a rule, they are cheap in every sense of the word save 
that of being economical for the buyer. It decidedly does 
pay to find the best trees, to pay for the best trees and to 
plant these in the best way. If this thought is kept in mind, 
the resulting orchard should be well and properly started at 
least .—California Fruit Grower. * 
MORRISVILLE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE 
The third of the three schools of agriculture established by the 
State of New York is to be opened on October 26. This is located at 
Morrisville, New York. The director, F. G. Helyar, announces that 
the purpose of the institution is threefold, as follows: 
1. To train young people for a successful life on the farm. This 
is accomplished by a two years’ course in Agriculture and Home 
Economics. 
2. To discuss with the farmer and his wife, in institutes and 
conferences and by demonstrations, problems of rural life. 
3. To investigate questions concerning the production of farm 
crops, animal husbandry, dairying, etc., and to furnish free informa¬ 
tion concerning farm matters. 
The other two farm schools are located at Canton with St. Law¬ 
rence University, and at Alfred with Alfred University, respectively. 
Doings of Societies 
OHIO STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
The Annual Report of this Society for 1910 has been 
received at this office. This gives a comprehensive account 
of the proceedings of the Society at its forty-third annual 
meeting, held at Columbus, January 11, 1910. Among 
others, we find papers on the following subjects: Contrast 
Between Eastern and Western Orcharding; What Must be 
Done to Increase the Productiveness of Our Apple Orchards; 
The Possibilities of Apple Culture in Ohio; and Spraying 
Machinery. 
Included with the report is a premium list of the Second 
Annual Ohio State Apple Show, to be held at Columbus, 
January 9-14, 1911. 
SPRAY MACHINE COMPETITION 
A new feature in the competitive part of horticultural 
congresses has been injected into the Third Annual Exposi¬ 
tion of the Horticultural Congress, to be held at Council 
Bluffs, Nov. 10-19, 1910. This is no less than a competition 
designed to bring out the desirable features of different spray 
machines. The competition is held under the auspices and 
approval of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 
The competition will cover spray machines having mechani¬ 
cal motors, spray machines operated by power from traction 
wheels, machines operated by hand, and also a special class 
is provided for the examination of nozzles. 
F The fees for entries in the different classes are $20, $15, 
$10, $5, respectively, for the classes noted above. The 
prizes consist of first, second, and third prizes, gold, silver, 
and bronze medals, respectively. 
The following points are covered in the tests of these 
spray machines: 
1. Tests of spraying machines shall consist of: 
a. Amount of spray mixture delivered at various pressures. 
b. Fuel, power used, or draft of machine. 
c. Efficiency of pump. 
d. Efficiency of pressure regulator. 
e. Efficiency of agitator. 
2 . Tests of nozzles shall consist of: 
a. Amount of liquid discharged at various pressures. 
b. Fineness of spray. 
c. Uniformity and distribution of spray. 
d. Size of spray. 
e. Penetration of spray. 
f. Adjustability of spray. 
Construction: Under construction will be considered all fea¬ 
tures indicating durability, lubrication, convenience of adjustment, 
ease of manipulation, simplicity of design, proportions of working 
parts, materials and workmanship. 
HOMEMAKING IN DRY REGIONS 
Above all things let us preach homemaking on the dry farm. 
The fact that shade trees, orchard and garden must in many in¬ 
stances be carefully tended in order to produce satisfactory results 
has a tendency to discourage these valuable adjuncts to homemak¬ 
ing, but dry farming shall be most genuinely successful in proportion 
as we shall make it a basis of attractive homemaking, and this means 
diversified farming, fruit growing wherever it can be made profitable, 
planting of trees, growing of vegetables, and the cultivation of a 
wide variety of crops. All these are first essentials in the develop¬ 
ment of any community through dry farming methods. 
—Hon. E. W. Mondell, Dry Farming Congress. 
