THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
827 
Milward devotes his time primarily to extension work 
conducting orchard and potato spraying demonstrations at 
many points in the state and extension experiments in 
potato growing. Mr. A. J. Rogers is assistant in instruc¬ 
tional and experimental work in vegetable forcing, market 
gardening, orcharding, etc., and Mr. J. Johnson is assistant 
in tobacco investigation. With the new facilities provided 
by this building the increased demand in the department 
for instructional and research work will be met. 
AN INTERESTING EXPERIENCE WITH CROWN-GALL 
OF THE APPLE 
The following test was made to determine the ability of 
recognized authorities to distinguish between a callus 
growth on a grafted apple tree and root or crown gall. 
Eighteen one-year-old apple trees that were condemned 
for Crown Gall by J. G. Clark of Fromberg, inspector, and a 
member of the Montana State Board of Horticulture, 
9 that were condemned by M. L. Dean of Missoula, inspec¬ 
tor at large for Montana, 13 trees that had passed inspection 
by Clark, and 61 that had been passed by Dean, were taken; 
a numbered label was attached to each tree and a record 
made showing whether the tree had passed inspection or had 
been condemned and by whom. 
The whole lot was then thrown together and sent suc¬ 
cessively to the Montana Agricultural College at Bozeman, 
Jos. W. Wallisch, secretary of the State Board of Horti¬ 
culture, Butte, and C. I. Gardner, inspector for the first 
District, Billings, with instructions to sort the trees for root 
or crown-gall by dividing them into two lots, viz: trees 
affected with gall and trees not affected, and return them 
without disturbing the labels attached to the several trees. 
A careful record was made of each sorting and an 
examination of this record among the other things shows 
the following: 
Each tree was inspected for gall by three authorities. 
Total number of trees examined 101. 
93 out of the 101 trees were found free from gall. 
98 out of the 101 trees were found infected with gall. 
Of 18 trees condemned by Clark, all but 5 were passed 
by Gardner. 
Of 9 trees condemned by Dean, all but 3 were passed by 
Gardner. 
Of 12 trees condemned by Gardner, all but 3 were passed 
by Dean. 
Of 70 trees examined by Dean and Gardner, 18 were 
condemned by one or the other but only 3 were condemned 
by both—they agreed in 3 cases and disagreed in 15 cases. 
Dean B. Swingle, Professor of Bacteriology, of the 
Montana Agricultural College divided the 101 trees into 
3 lots as follows: 
Showing positive symptoms of gall, 78. 
Probably affected with gall, 19. 
Showing no distinct symptoms, 4. 
Of 21 trees found positively infected by Swingle, 6 were 
found free from gall by Clark. 
Of 7 trees classed as probably affected by Swingle, 5 
were found free from gall by Clark. 
Of 56 trees found positively infected by Swingle, 9 were 
condemned and 47 passed by Dean. 
12 trees found to be probably affected with gall by 
Swingle were all passed by Dean. 
Of 78 trees classed as positively infected by Swingle, 62 
were found free from gall by Gardner. 
Of 19 trees found probably affected by Swingle, 18 were 
passed by Gardner. 
31 trees were passed on by Clark, Gardner and Swingle 
of which number only 2 trees were found free from gall by 
all 3 authorities. On the other hand, only 5 trees were 
condemned by all 3. 
Of the 70 trees examined by Dean, Gardner and Swingle, 
only 1 was found free from gall, and only 3 infected with 
gall, by all 3 authorities. 
Joseph W. Wallisch kept the trees about a month report¬ 
ing at various times as follows: 
July 21 st—“Trees still in office, will receive attention in 
next few days.” 
Aug. 1st—“Have made start on samples, soon as I get 
through will return them with comments.” 
Aug. 9th—“Have not forgotten samples, am still work¬ 
ing on them.” 
Aug. 14th—“Find it difficult to separate clean from 
diseased stock. On second thought have deemed it best to 
send to M. L. Dean, inspector at large.” 
Under date of Aug. 16th, Professor Dean returned the 
trees with the statement. * * * “It is impossible for 
anyone to absolutely identify all of the stock that is infected 
with the Root Gall.” 
The same lot of trees was passed on for gall by Profes¬ 
sor M. B. Waite of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washing¬ 
ton, D. C., with results differing as widely from those 
recorded above, as they differ from each other. 
Billings, Montana, D. J. Tighe. 
A. M. SMITH 
The only surviving charter member of the Ontario 
Fruit Growers’ Association, Mr. A. M. Smith, of St. Cathar¬ 
ines, passed away on October 19th, only a few weeks after 
the celebration of his seventy-eighth birthday. Both in 
his business and in his private life, he was everywhere 
respected; and as a pioneer fruit grower, he was largely 
instrumental in establishing the apple industry in Ontario 
on a firm footing. 
MARKET PRICES 
The middle of November found the New York market well 
supplied with apples, but firm. Prices ranged as follows for choice 
fruit: King $3 to $5 per barrel; Jonathan, $3.50 to $5.50; Twenty 
Ounce Pippin, $2.50 to $4.00; Baldwin, $2 to $4; Greening, $3 to 
$5.50; Snow $2 to $4.50; Ben Davis, $2.25 to $3.50. 
At New York, pears were steady, and selling at the following 
prices: Bartlett, $1.25 to $1.50 per bushel; Bose $3 to So.50 per 
barrel; Seckel $4.50 to $6; Anjou $3 to $5; Sheldon $2.o0 to $5; 
Kieffer, $1.75 to $3.50. 
Grapes were becoming less plentiful, and Niagaras sold from 
60 to 65 cents per 20-lb. basket, and Catawbas 12 to 13 cents per 
4-lb. basket. 
