THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
plant products, by competent constituted authority, with certifica¬ 
tion permitting either intra-state or inter-state shipment when 
found free of infestation. 
(a) The A. A. of N. should lend its support in securing appro¬ 
priations sufficient to provide competent, adequate inspection o 
nursery stock, with certification that will permit freedom in 
inter-state shipments when found free of pests or disease. 
Regular thorough spraying and clean tillage are advocated as 
further necessary measures in the control of pests or diseases, 
and we pledge ourselves to the accomplishment of these to the ex¬ 
tent of our facilities. 
QUARANTINE FOR PEST CONTROL OPPOSED. 
Opposition to Quarantines 
That nurserymen view with alarm the employment, with in¬ 
creasing frequency, of the Quarantine as a measure for the con¬ 
trol of pests or disease, and oppose it as ineffectual in its accomp¬ 
lishment and disastrous to our industry. 
(a) The record of Quarantines restricting the shipment of 
nursery and horticultural products generally is not one of effi- 
cient control; for while commercial interests are thereby re- 
strained; the passage of traffic, the flight of birds and the move¬ 
ment of other agencies through the quarantined area impossible 
of control, do disseminate pests. . 
(b) Quarantines are given wide public notice, principally by 
the governmental agencies imposing them, and thereby they 
bring into disrepute, even the “pest-free” products of the Quar¬ 
antined area, with consequent loss of sales and prestige and the 
shrinkage of realty values. 
(c) Quarantines in their frequency are hampering now and 
threaten annihilation of inter-state commerce of nursery stock. 
Jealousy is felt to exist among States regarding the e quaran¬ 
tines. Retaliatory quarantines appear to have been passed; 
train loads of fruit carrying infestations of injurious pests 
move constantly out of states that prevent entry therein of any 
nursery stock excepting under regulations that are tantamount 
to exclusion. 
(d) Quarantines put in jeopardy, capital and labor engaged in 
the nursery industry. They make impossible the securement of 
additional capital, at a time when millions of dollars are need¬ 
ed to develop and expand the nursery industry, to meet the or¬ 
chard and landscape requirements of the nation. They discour¬ 
age initiative in plant-breeding and the production of trees or 
shrubbery requiring a decade to rear and prepare for sale. 
QUARANTINES FOR AN EMERGENCY AND REGULATIONS 
FELT NECESSARY TO BE COMPLIED WITH BEFORE 
ENFORCEMENT 
Necessity for Must Be Presented 
That when inspection and other measures for pest control have 
in any instance been inefficient and an emergency arises that in 
the opinion of authorities requires the placement of a Quarantine; 
nurserymen urge that no such contemplated quarantine may be 
placed, until a public hearing has been held and evidence showing 
the necessity for such quai’antine produced. 
At present the necessity for usch quarantines of insect pests or 
disease, should sit as commissioners at any such hearings or be 
empowered to declare Quarantines. But rather should the com¬ 
mission in the case of proposed Federal Quarantines, be composed 
of three persons, two of whom shall be appointed by the Secretary 
of Agriculture and one of whom shall be a Secretary of Agricul¬ 
ture for the state or one of the states within the area that is pro¬ 
posed to be quarantined. In the case of State quarantines such 
hearings might be presided over by the Secretary of Agriculture 
of the Commonwealth in question. 
With proposed Federal Quarantines the Secretary of Agriculture 
should continue to have the power to declare such quarantine, 
upon receipt of the recommendations of the commissioners sug¬ 
gested in paragraph above. 
In the case of State Quarantines, the Governor of the Common¬ 
wealth should declare their enforcement, when in receipt of the 
evidence and recommendation arising out of the hearing. 
Place of Hearing. 
That whenever the Federal Government proposes a Quarantine 
the commission conducting the necessary hearing, preliminary 
thereto, shall sit for the purpose of hearing evidence and taking 
testimony at some convenient place, within the proposed Quar¬ 
antine area. 
(a) It has been the pracfTce heretofore of Federal Authorities 
to conduct all hearings in the City of .Washington, thus handi¬ 
capping greatly interested persons desiring to be heard when 
Quarantine measures are under considerations that affect a dis¬ 
tant part of the U. S. 
Quarantines For One Year Only. 
That Qaurantines shall be for no longer period than that in 
which the emergency exists, and in no event for a longer period 
than one year. If it should be felt necessary to continue the quar¬ 
antine or to modify it, a hearing should be held as in the case of 
inaugurating it, to show necessity for its continuance or equal 
opportunity to testify to the emergency having ceased. 
(a) Quarantines on the part of officials of their inability to 
control a pest of disease, by inspection, or by preventive or 
remedial measures. And this inability ought not to exist for a 
longer period than one year, during which time other measures 
of control less destructive to commerce should be found. 
PROPOSED LEGISLATION, ADVOCATED BY THE WESTERN 
PLANT QUARANTINE BOARD, REPRESENTING THE 
STATES OF CALIFORNIA, OREGON, WASHINGTON, 
ARIZONA, NEVADA, IDAHO, MONTANA, WYOM¬ 
ING, UTAH, NEW MEXICO AND COLORADO. 
flnrs at. Destination. 
“That freight cars be fumigated at destination and if no facili¬ 
ties are available for fumigation at small stations, then thereat 
shall be returned to some central point and fumigated there.” 
As nurserymen are in the practice of shipping in bulk to one 
destination, and there reconsigning car with partial contents to 
another point, securing by this practice lower freight rates, this 
Association desires a fuller proof that such fumigation of car at 
destination is necessary for the control of insect pests or disease, 
before it can be expected to willingly acquiesce in such a measuie. 
(a) There would seem to be no safety secured by fumigation 
at destination that could not be better secured by careful in¬ 
spection and certification in the nursery before shipment. 
(b) The inevitable expense of the detention of cars, the fumi¬ 
gation and the longer haul to a fumigation station would all be 
added to the freight charges and consequent cost of nursery 
stock to the planter. 
Consignee or Consignor to Pay Expense of Inspection. 
That the proposal to secure a bill in the several states repre¬ 
sented at this Conference, to require that the expense of inspecion, 
be paid by either consignor or consignee of a shipment of nursery 
stock, is strongly opposed by the American Association of Nur¬ 
serymen. 
(a) As pest control is administered for the public good it 
should be paid for by public funds. 
(b) The poor planter, just about to establish an orchard 
should not be discouraged by the expense of a requirement that 
makes him pay for the protection of the prosperous orchardist 
already established with a revenue producing property. It 
would appear just as reasonable to require a few unfortunate 
smallpox patients to bear the burden of the Health Board. 
(c) The expense of inspection, whether paid by the nursery¬ 
men or his customer, would have to be added into the gross cost 
of the purchase of nursery stock and would serve as a deterrent 
to many would-be planters, thus retarding greatly the planting 
of orchards and the general adornment of home grounds, both 
of which are a requisite in our present day civilization. 
Inspection at Central Point. 
The contemplated effort for the passage of a bill requiring in¬ 
spection at a central depot will place such handicaps upon the 
nursery business, that the possibility of supplying “Trustworthy 
Trees and Shrubs” will be entirely beyond the control of any nur¬ 
serymen, and we oppose the proposition strenuously, believing it 
would bring disaster upon the industry. 
(a) This proposed measure would of course facilitate inspec¬ 
tion from the entomologists or plant pathologists view point, 
but appears to have been suggested without any consideration 
for the requirements of a plant’s life in process of transplanting. 
(b) Nursery products should be gotten quickly as possible 
from the nursery to the place of planting. This assembling of 
such shipments at a central depot for inspection will inevitably 
delay plants in transit, to their injury. 
(c) Should shipment be unpacked at such central depots for 
inspection or fumigation, the shipper loses all control over his 
products and cannot be repsonsible for claims, for poor packing 
on arrival at destination, for shortage, damage or even truth¬ 
fulness to name. 
(d) Is there any safety that a central station affords, which 
inspection of the plant in the nursery during the growing seas¬ 
on, and certification in case of its freedom from pests, doesn’t 
afford? 
COMPENSATION FOR NURSERY STOCK DESTROYED. 
That laws shall be sought, providing compensation to nursery¬ 
men, orchardists, timber-owners and others, when their trees or 
plants of value are condemned to destruction by officials, in an 
effort to arrest the spread of insect pests or diseases, subject to 
provisions of which the following are suggested: 
(a) That the owner of such trees or shrubbery shall have 
evidenced his appreciation of their value to him by maintaining 
the generally accepted treatment or culture, required to keep 
such plants in health. No owner should be expected to receive 
compensation for trees and plants, that he has neglected and 
which in consequence are a menace to the health and vigor of 
all surrounding plant life, because of their susceptibility to in¬ 
festation by insect pests or disease. It may even be found 
advisable to enact in every state, laws similar to those now 
had in some, which compel attention to neglected orchards on 
lands within one-half mile of any nursery in order to avoid an 
existing menace in proximity to nursery products awaiting 
dissemination. 
(b) That compensation should be arrived at by appraisel, 
adequate to reimburse the grower for the money expended 
upon the plants up until the time of their destruction and 
with regard also for the probable income'from them in the 
event of their being allowed to grow into a more productive 
age. Yet it is advocated that the award of damages, should 
not be as much as would lend encouragement to a wilful per¬ 
son, to permit infestation in order to secure condemnation and 
consequent compensation. 
(c) Laws similar to the ones urged in this article^fire now in 
most states to secure the capital invested in animal industry 
—i- e.—compensation for the condemnation of cattle affected 
with tuberculosis or “foot and mouth disease.” Plant industry 
should have similar protection. 
Until such time as compensation may be secured, it is suggested 
