180 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
A PEAR TREE TRAINED IN AN UNUSUAL WAY 
T HE above photograph is a pear tree trained in a 
very unusual manner. Fruit trees trained as 
Espaliers or fan shaped, cordon, goblet or vase 
shape are not unusual, but to see healthy well growing 
specimens trained as a table form, is to say the least, 
unusual. This specimen is at the Nurseries of Bobbink 
& Atkins and excites much attention and comment. 
We are indebted to Mr. H. J. Hohman for the photo¬ 
graph. Visitors naturally think it is the greatest thing 
they have ever seen. The picture was taken while the 
plant was in a dormant state that the work of it might be 
better seen. With the foliage, flowers or fruit it is 
naturally much more attractive. Such a specimen 
means gardening skill in every sense of the word. It 
not only takes skilled gardeners to train fruit trees, but 
IS CROWN GALL INJURIOUS TO APPLE NURSERY 
STOCK? 
The results of observations by S. B. Fracker regarding 
the effect of crown gall on apple trees in Wisconsin 
as related lo the size of nursery stock and to fruit 
production, in the Journal of Economic 
Entomology . 
Mr. Fracker says in three out of four nurseries dis¬ 
cussed, it was found that without respect to variety, the 
infected trees, if their sale were permitted, would yield 
(on account of their indicated classification) 17 or 18 per 
cent less gross returns than would a similar number of 
also to keep them in good condition. One season’s neg¬ 
lect is sufficient to spoil them. 
I find it has been the experience of many Americans 
visiting Europe and seeing the wonoderfully trained 
fruit trees in the well kept gardens of the Old Country, 
naturally desire the same for themselves at home and go 
to a great deal of expense in getting trained trees, only to 
have them spoiled within a few years on their hands for 
the lack of a trained gardener to give them attention. 
That trained and dwarfed fruit trees can be successfully 
grown in this country, has been proven in quite a num¬ 
ber of instances, but due to the hot summer’s suns and 
extremely cold winters, they require perhaps even more 
attention than those where the climate is more equable. 
Patience, skill and a long-lived interest are tbe essentials 
for well trained fruit trees, as well as in almost any 
other line of gardening art. 
noninfected trees, since the infected nurseries show a 
much larger number of seconds. Although in many cases 
there seems to be a tendency for the infection to decrease 
the vigor ol the plant without forcing its size below the 
commercial value, there is a great diminution in the num¬ 
ber of first-grade trees when infected and in increased 
number of seconds, not a single nursery or variety show- 
ing as great a proportion of trees of salable size among 
those having crown gall as in those free from that dis¬ 
ease.. This reduction in size of apple trees in Wisconsin 
nurseries is thought to be the direct result of crown gall 
infection. 
