8 4 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
Cornell spray calendars have said that spraying is a type 
of orchard insurance. Growers ask, shall I spray when I 
have little or no fruit? The answer is, yes, by all means. 
Insure your trees a crop of healthy leaves so that wood may 
be grown, and buds developed. This is the best way to 
secure a crop the following year. The man who sprays 
year in and year out insures his crop against standard ene¬ 
mies, and to a large degree against epidemics and tends to 
lessen the numbers of his staple insect foes. 
HOW TO SPRAY. 
First know the enemy. Study the crops you are grow¬ 
ing, and you will learn to recognize the parasites which 
attack them. Learn the feeding habits and the principal 
facts of its life history. Then study the remedy, understand 
its principles—how it acts. Next secure the appliance 
which seems best adapted to your needs. Prepare your 
spray mixture carefully and apply it thoroughly. Next to 
timeliness, thoroughness is of prime importance. Hundreds 
of fruit growers and farmers waste time, energy and material 
by indiscriminate and hasty squirting of spray mixtures 
over fruit trees and farm crops. Remember the principle is 
protection, and the plant is protected only when it is cov¬ 
ered. Some insects must be hit to be killed. Don’t spray 
unless you do the work thoroughly. You will disgust your¬ 
self and destroy your neighbor’s faith in the remedy. Spray¬ 
ing is not, pleasant work, but if we are fruit growers or 
farmers, we must accept the situation and make the best of it. 
SPRAY CALENDAR. 
APPLE. Scab.—( i. Copper sulfate solution before buds 
break); 2. Bordeaux mixture when leaf buds are open, but before 
flower buds expand; 3. Repeat 2 as soon as blossoms have fallen; 
4. Bordeaux mixture 10 to 14 days after the third; (5, 6, repeat 4 
at intervals of about two weeks). Pink Rot. —As for scab. Blight 
Canker.— Keep body and main branches free from suckers. Cut 
out badly diseased bark in summer and fall and dress with corrosive 
sublimate, 1 part in 1000 parts water, then use paint or thick Bor¬ 
deaux; when spraying for scab, spray trunk and branches. Canker- 
Worm. —When first caterpillars appear apply Paris green, arsenite 
of lime or arsenate of lead very thoroughly; 2. Repeat 1 after 4 to 
10 days; (3, 4, repeat every 10 days if necessary). Bud-Moth.— 1. 
As soon as leaf tips appear in buds, Paris green or other arsenical 
spray; 2. Repeat 1 before the blossom buds open; (3. Repeat 2 
when blossoms have fallen). Codling-Moth. —1. Arsenical spray 
immediately after blossoms have fallen ; 2. Repeat 1, 7 to 10 days 
later. Use burlap bands on trunks, killing all insects under them 
every ten days from July 1st to August 15th, and once later before 
winter. Arsenicals may be added to the Bordeaux mixture and the 
two applied together with excellent effect. Case-Bearers. —As 
for Bud-Moth. Apple-Maggot. —Keep windfalls picked up and 
destroyed or fed out. New York Apple Canker. —1. Remove 
dead limbs. 2. Spray thoroughly, soaking diseased parts, Bor¬ 
deaux. San Josf. Scale. —Summer treatment kerosene emulsion 
containing 20 per cent, kerosene. Winter treatment; lime and 
sulfur wash. Twig Blight. — 1. Cut out all diseased parts. See 
under pear. 
BEAN. Anthracnose, Pod-Rust. —x. Select clean seed. 
Bordeaux mixture, when first true leaf has expanded; 2,3, etc., the 
same at short intervals to keep the foliage covered by the mixture. 
BEET. Leaf-Spot.— 1. When four or five leaves have ex¬ 
panded, Bordeaux mixture; 2,3, etc., the same every 10 to 14 days. 
Aphis. — 1. Upon young plants, kerosene emulsion or whale oil 
soap. 
CABBAGE AND CAULIFLOWER. One lb. to 5 gals, of water 
when insects are first seen; 2. Repeat 1 when necessary. Black 
Rot. i. Grow plants in clean soil. Soak seed in formalin, 1 lb. 
to 20 gals, water, for 15 minutes; guard against contamination. 
Rotate in field. Cabbage-Worm. — 1. If plants are not heading, 
kerosene emulsion or arsenicals; 2. Repeat 1 at intervals of 7 to 10 
days; 3**' If plants are heading, hellebore. Club-Root. —Use lime 
75 to 150 bu. per acre, 1 y 2 to 4 years before planting. Root- 
Maggot, —pour around base of plants an emulsion of 1 lb. soap, 1 
gal. boiling water, 1 pint of crude carbolic acid. Dilute this 
emulsion with 30 parts of water. 
CARNATION. Anthracnose or Spot. —1. At first appear¬ 
ance of disease, Bordeaux mixture thoroughly applied in fne spray; 
2,3, etc., if plants are not blooming, Bordeaux mixture; ammoniacal 
copper carbonate to avoid staining the flowers. Keep foliage 
covered with a fungicide. Rust. —Begin with healthy cuttings, 
spray the plants every week during their life with copper sulfate 
solution, 2 lbs. copper sulfate to 45 gallons of water, or with potassium 
sulfide solution. Red Spider. —Syringe freely with clean water. 
Keep the atmosphere of the house moist. Kerosene Emulsion. 
CELERY. Early Bi jght, Late Blight. —1. Apply Bor¬ 
deaux mixture as soon as the plants have become established. 2. 
Repeat 1 every two weeks until the plants are half or two-thirds 
grown; 3. Apply ammoniacal copper carbonate solution every 10 
to 14 days, or more often if the weather is rainy. 
CHERRY. Black-Knot.— See Plum. Rot. i. When buds 
break, Bordeaux mixture; 2. When fruit has set, repeat 1; (3. 
When fruit is grown, ammoniacal copper carbonate).— Aphis, i. 
Kerosene emulsion when insects appear; 2,3. Repeat at intervals 
of 3 to 4 days if necessary. Curculio.- —See under Plum. Leaf 
Blight.—1. Just before blossoms open, Bordeaux. 2. Same 
after calyx falls. 3. Same 2 weeks later. Powdery Mildew.— 
Spray with Bordeaux or potassium sulfide. Slug.— 1. When 
insects appear, arsenicals or hellebore; 2, 3. Repeat 1 in 10 to 14 
days if necessary. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM. Leaf-Spot. —Ammoniacal copper car¬ 
bonate at intervals of 10 to 14 days, to keep the foliage protected. 
Rust. —Treat as for leaf-spot; also wet the foliage as little as possi¬ 
ble in watering the plants. 
CUCUMBER, MELON AND SQUASH. Bacterial Wilt.- 
Distributed by striped cucumber beetles. Destroy these. Remove 
diseased leaves. Downy Mildew. —Bordeaux mixture every 10 
days, or often enough to keep the foliage well covered above and 
below from the time the plants are very small until frost. Striped 
Cucumber Beetle. —Keep plants thoroughly covered with Bor¬ 
deaux mixture. Trap under shingles. 
CURRANT. Leaf-Blight. — 1. When injury first appears, 
before the fruit is harvested, ammoniacal copper carbonate, to avoid 
staining the fruit; 2. After fruit is harvested, Bordeaux mixture 
freely applied; 3. Repeat 2 when necessary. Worm.— 1. When 
first larvae appear, arsenicals; 2. Repeat 1 when necessary until 
fruit is half grown; 3. Use hellebore if any worms remain after 
fruit is half grown. 
EGGPLANT. Leaf-Spot. —As soon as plants are established 
in the field, Bordeaux mixture; 2,3. Repeat 1 at intervals of 2 to 3 
weeks till first fruits are one-half grown; 4. Ammoniacal copper 
carbonate, repeat when necessary. 
GINSENG. Alternaria Blight.—1. Spray surface of beds 
thoroughly with copper sulfate solution early before plants start. 
2. Spray with Bordeaux as soon as plants begin to come through 
soil. Add sticker, spray repeatedly while plants are coming up and 
expanding so as to keep all parts covered. Keep plants covered 
through season. Spray seed head thoroughly just after blossoms 
fall. 
GOOSEBERRY. Mildew. —1. Before buds break, Bordeaux 
mixture; 2. When first leaves have expanded, potassium sulfide; 
3, 4, etc., repeat 2 at intervals of 7 to 10 days, if necessary through¬ 
out the summer. Currant-Worm. —See under currant. 
GRAPE. Anthracnose. —1. Before buds break in spring, sul¬ 
fate of copper; 2. Bordeaux mixture after 3 or 4 days to cover 
untreated portions. Pick and destroy diseased bunches. Burn 
diseased wood. Black-Rot. —Clean trellises of diseased bunches 
and canes. 1. As soon as first leaves are fully expanded, Bordeaux 
mixture. 2. After fruit has set, Bordeaux mixture; 3. Repeat 2 
at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks until fruit is three-fourths grown; 4. 
Ammoniacal copper carbonate when fruit is nearly grown; 5, 6, etc., 
repeat 4 at intervals of 7 to 14 days as required. Downy Mildew, 
Powdery Mildew, the first application recommended under Black- 
Rot is of especial importance. Ripe-Rot. —-Apply very thoroughly 
the later applications recommended under Black-Rot. Steely- 
Beetle. — 1. As buds are swelling, arsenites; 2. After 10 to 14 
days, repeat 1. See Bulletin 157. Root-Worm.— Thorough culti¬ 
vation in June to kill pupae. Arsenate of-lead 3 lbs. to 50 gals, water 
latter part of June, to kill beetles. See Bulletins 208, 224, 235. 
Leaf-Hopper.- —Whale oil soap, 1 lb. in 10 gals, water applied very 
thoroughly to undersides of leaves about July 1st. 
