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THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
The National Nurseryman 
Published monthly by 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN PUBLISHING CO., Inc. 
205 Cox Building, Rochester, N. Y. 
President. THOMAS B. MEEHAN 
Vice-President and Editor.JOHN CRAIG 
Secretary-Treasurer and Business Manager, ... C. L. YATES 
The only trade journal issued for Growers and Dealers in Nur¬ 
sery Stock of all kinds. It circulates throughout the United 
States, Canada and Europe. 
Official Journal of American Association of Nurserymen. 
AWARDED THE GRAND PRIZE AT PARIS EXPOSITION, 1900. 
SUBSCRIPTION RATES. 
One year, in advance,. $1.00 
Six months,. -75 
Foreign Subscriptions, in advance,. 1.50 
Six months,. roo 
Advertising rates will be sent upon application. Advertise¬ 
ments should reach this office by the 20th of the month previous 
to the date of issue. 
Payment in advance required for foreign advertisements. 
Drafts on New York or postal orders, instead of checks, are re¬ 
quested by the Business Manager, Rochester, N. Y. 
Correspondence from all points and articles of interest to nur¬ 
serymen and horticulturists are cordially solicited. 
Address Editor, Ithaca, N. Y. 
Entered in the Post Office at Rochester , as second-class matter. 
Rochester, N. Y., April, 1908. 
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN. 
President, J. W. Hill, Des Moines, la.; vice-president, C. M- 
Hobbs, Bridgeport, Ind.; secretary, Geo. C. Seager, Rochester. 
N. Y.; treasurer, C. L. Yates, Rochester, N. Y. 
Executive Committee—J. H. Dayton, Painesville, Ohio; E. M. Sherman, Charles 
City, la.; H. B. Chase, Huntsville, Ala. 
Transportation—F. H. Stannard, Ottawa, Kansas. 
Tariff—Irving Rouse, Rochester, N. Y. 
Legislation—Wm. Pitkin, Rochester, N. Y. 
National Inspection Law—Hon. Orlando Harrison, Berlin, Md. 
Co-operation with Entomologists—C. L. Watrous, Des Moines, la. 
Program—R. C. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga. 
Publicity—T. M. Irvine, St. Joseph, Mo. 
Exhibits—Thomas B. Meehan, Dreshertown, Montg. Co., Pa. 
Arrangements—-Geo. C. Seager, Rochester, N. Y. 
Editing Report—J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa. 
Mutual Fire Insurance—Judge Eugene Stark, Louisiana, Mo.; Peter Youngers, 
Geneva, Nebr.; Harry Simpson, Vincennes, Ind. 
STATE AND DISTRICT ASSOCIATION 
American Nurserymen’s Protective Association—President, R. C. Berckmans, 
Augusta, Ga.; secretary, Thomas B. Meehan, Dreshertown, Pa. Meets annually 
in June. 
American Retail Nurserymen’s Protective Association—President, Charles J. Brown, 
Rochester, N. Y.; secretary, Guy A. Bryant, Princeton, Ill. Meets annually in 
^ June. 
Association of Oklahoma Nurserymen—President, J. A. Lopeman, Enid, Okla. Terr.; 
secretary, C. E. Garee, Noble, Okla. Terr. 
Canadian Association of Nurserymen—President—E. D. Smith, Winona; secretary, 
C. C. R. Morden, Niagara Falls, Ont. 
Connecticut Nurserymen’s Association—-President, John S. Barnes, Yaleville; 
secretary, Frank E. Conine, Stratford. 
Eastern Association of Nurserymen—-President, W. C. Barry, Rochester, N. Y.; 
secretary-treasurer, William Pitkin, Rochester, N. Y. Meets annually in 
January. 
National Association of Retail Nurserymen—President, Wm. Pitkin, Rochester, N. Y. 
secretary, F. E. Grover, Rochester, N. Y. 
Nurserymen’s Mutual Protective Association—President, N. H. Albaugh, Phoneton, 
O.; secretary, George C. Seager, Rochester, N. Y. Meets annually in Tune. 
National Nurserymen’s Association of Ohio—President, J. W. McNary, Dayton, O.; 
secretary, W. B. Cole, Painesville, O. 
Pacific Coast Association of Nurserymen—-President, W. D. Ingalls, North Yakima, 
Wash.; secretary-treasurer, C. A. Tonneson, Tacoma, Wash. Meets annually in 
June. 
Pennsylvania Nurserymen’s Association—President, W. H. Moon, Morrisville, Pa.; 
secretary, Earl Peters, Mt. Holy Springs, Pa. 
Southern Nurserymen’s Association—-President, Charles T. Smith, Concord, Ga.; 
secretary-treasurer, A. I. Smith, Knoxville, Tenn. 
Tennessee Nurserymen’s Association—-President, J. C. Hale, Winchester, Tenn.; 
secretary, G. M. Bentley, Knoxville, Tenn. 
Texas Nurserymen’s Association—President—E. W. Knox, San Antonio, Texas; 
secretary-treasurer, John S. Kerr, Sherman, Texas. 
Western Association of Nurserymen—-President, E. P. Bernardin, Parson, Kas.; 
secretary-treasurer, E. J. Holman, Leavenworth, Kan. Meets in July and 
December at Kansas City. 
West Virginia Nurserymen’s Association—President, W. A. Gold, Mason City; 
secretary, R. R. Harris, Harrisville, W. Va. 
It is a common practice for all retail 
ON PLANTING nurserymen to send out directions to their 
CAREFULLY. patrons telling them just how to handle 
the stock when received, so that it may 
be planted without injury or loss of 
vitality. These directions are generally sound, though 
brief. We wish to call attention to their importance. In 
handling trees in a large way, there is a great tendency on 
the part of the workmen to look upon them as lifeless bits 
of wood, instead of regarding them as living individuals, 
and subject to devitalization in proportion as they are 
carefully or carelessly handled. We often see trees, after 
set in orchard, stand in a dormant condition for a long time 
without pushing a bud or developing a leaf. About mid¬ 
summer when growth should cease, and the ripening pro¬ 
cesses begin, then these newly planted trees begin to show 
signs of activity. This condition is brought about by 
injury to the tree, either in the storehouse, in the f amigating 
house, during transportation, or during the planting process. 
The nurseryman will be conserving his own interests and 
extending his business, when he exercises the greatest pos¬ 
sible caution in connection with the careful handling of his 
stock. Every workman should be impressed with the fact 
that trees are devitalized when exposed to sun and wind, 
and may be killed by over-exposure. The purchaser will 
be favorably impressed when directions for the careful 
handling of the trees are set forth in an emphatic manner. 
Let us constantly remember that we are handling live 
vegetable tissue in the handling of nursery stock. We are 
not handling inert manufactured articles. 
Nurserymen are often asked for advice 
ORCHARD by planters as to the best methods of 
TILLAGE. handling their orchards. “Shall I till 
the orchard, or shall I lay it down to 
sod?’’ “Shall I cultivate it clean, or 
shall I grow crops in it ?’’ These are all important questions. 
They cannot always be answered directly, and without 
qualification; for each is more or less associated with the 
special conditions which surround the orchard. In 
broad,general terms, there is no hedging on the proved fact 
that tillage in the long run gives larger returns, and greater 
profits, under average conditions, than any other orchard 
method practiced at the present time. We may lay this 
down as a general principle. If, however, the orchard is 
located on such a site as to make tillage impracticable by 
reason of surface washing, and the necessity of surface pro¬ 
tection, then some other system must be considered. The 
systems that are feasible include the mulching method, in 
which the cover is hauled in and spread over the ground, 
or it may include a method by which the cover is provided 
by the growing crop. In general, this latter method in the 
cover-crop system is the most feasible. Without discussing 
the subject exhaustively, the orchardist may assure him¬ 
self that no system that does not treat the orchard tree it¬ 
self as a sufficient crop under the soil will be successful; and 
that, secondly, tillage that releases native plant-food and is 
supplemented by artificial plant-food will in the majority 
of cases give the greatest return; and thirdly, that mulch 
or sod cultural methods are feasible and practicable in propor¬ 
tion as they are systematically and intelligently carried out. 
