3°2 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
SHRUBS FOR AUTUMN EFFECTS. 
In planting shrubs, one must keep the entire routine of 
seasons in mind. Occasionally in setting out ornamental 
shrubs, the flowering period is the only one that appeals to 
the planter. Yet unless the flowering success is secured, 
bare spots result during the summer and autumn. With 
the passing of the Hydrangea the floral procession practically, 
ceases and we have November and December to reckon with. 
Among the shrubs that do much to brighten the land¬ 
scape and add cheer to home surroundings, are the various 
members of the Cornus (Dogwood) group. The bright 
shades of the bark-coloring of these shrubs, make them very 
attractive features of landscape in winter. Probably the 
best, at any rate the most striking of the collection, is Cornus 
AlbaSibirica. There are others with lighter colored barks as ' 
C. stolinifera, for instance, that can be used with good effect 
in contrasts and a variety of this latter Baileyii is also 
desirable. 
Among the shrubby vines bearing very attractive fruit 
we should not forget our native Bittersweet, Celastrus. 
There are two species of this; one the native and the other 
an imported Japanese form. Both are attractive in fruit 
although they are not striking when in blossom. The fruit,' 
with its surrounding cases which expand in the autumn, give 
a blossom-like effect, warming up whatever it may be placed 
against. One may grow this Celastrus as a shrub by cutting 
it back frequently and in this form it is often very attractive. 
Somewhat related and similar to the Celastrus in 
character of fruit, are the various types of Euonymus. 
They are not striking during the fore-part of the season but 
in autumn when other plants lose their leaves and take on 
winter conditions, the spindle trees are then laden with 
clusters of scarlet and red fruit. Then there is one E. 
atropurpureus , which has highly colored foliage as well, giv¬ 
ing it additional value as an autumn ornamental. 
Among the Ilexes, there is one which is hardy in the 
North and has a wide range of distribution, that makes a 
very attractive shrub in the autumn when it is covered with 
its bright scarlet berry-like fruit. This is the Black Alder, 
Ilex verticillata. 
Among the Cotoneasters, there are several red fruit 
forms of especial value for autumn embellishment. We 
should mention C. tomentosa and C. vulgaris. ' 
Nor should we forget the Hawthorn, Cratoegus. Not 
long ago, the writer in travelling along a tributary of the St. 
Lawrence on the south side of the great river was struck by 
the abundance and beauty of the Scarlet Thorn which 
seemed perfectly at home in this clay and sandy loam region. 
The fruit in some cases was veiy large and is, we learned, 
used by the inhabitants in various domestic ways. The 
Hawthorns on account of their slow growth are not pro¬ 
pagated nearly as much as they ought to be. 
DWARF APPLES. 
There is some discussion regarding the merits of the 
Paradise as a stock for the apple. Several English growers 
testify that it makes short-lived trees unless planted deep 
enough so that roots are emitted from the scion, while 
others claim that when this takes place the dwarf habit of 
the tree is lost. The observant growers in England have 
noted for many years the fact that if the Paradise stock is 
exposed to the influence of the sun and atmosphere, the bark 
is likely to harden and become indurated to such an extent 
that overgrowth of scion occurs, and the tree becomes top 
heavy. This is obviated by deeper planting, which may, 
however, encourage the own-rooting habit. On the other 
hand, there are those who claim that this is an advantage; 
that it increases longevity and does not impair fruitfulness. 
THE STATES AND FOREST CONSERVATION. 
In an able editorial the American Agriculturist gives a 
side of the forestry question that one seldom sees in the 
press (June 13, 1908). It states that much can be done to 
promote forestry by insurance against unjust taxation and 
fire. “An effort in this direction is embodied in the new 
forest laws of California, Maryland and Alabama. Natural 
conditions and the ability and willingness to undertake the 
expense of fire protection differ so widely in the several 
states that any uniformity in state legislation has thus far 
seemed impossible. 
Several states have adopted bounty and tax exemption 
laws to abolish forestry, but none of them to date have been 
particularly successful. This is partly due to lack of wide¬ 
spread interest in the subject, and partly to legal and practi¬ 
cal difficulties encountered in framing such legislation. 
The forest service at Washington is ready to co-operate 
with any state along these lines. It advises the preliminary 
study of local forest conditions to ascertain the facts. Then 
the formation of a non-political state board of forestry, 
appointment of an expert state forester and providing for a 
forest fire-warden service, civil and. criminal liability for 
causing fires, the creation and management of state forests 
and reasonable appropriations. Where necessary provision 
should be made for a closing season against burning grass 
land, brush, fallows, etc., and the regulation of the use of 
railroad and other engines in and near timber land. 
It has also been decided that a state has the right to 
restrict the cutting of timber on private lands in the 
interests of forestry, the preservation of water power and 
rainfall, and the general utilities of public interest. All the 
judges of the Maine supreme court, with a single exception, 
'upheld this policy,in their reply to the Maine senate of 1907.” 
FOREST TREES FOR SANDY REGION OF NEBRASKA. 
The Forest Service Bureau of the United States Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture recommends western yellow pine and 
Jack pine as the most promising species of pine trees for the 
sandy region of Nebraska. A large number of seedlings of 
these trees were set out in 1905 and recent reports received 
show a very encouraging condition. The Bureau recom¬ 
mends planting on northern slopes as giving the best results. 
The best tin e to plant is from April 20 to May to. They 
recommend setting the trees at 4x4 feet apart. The planta¬ 
tion is not cultivated but is carefully guarded against 
prairie fires. It costs $1.80 to plant an acre 6x6 feet apart. 
The trees sell from $8 to $15 per thousand and can be 
obtained from western nurserymen. 
