THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
3^7 
adulterated. In 1903 only 4 out of 169 samples were found 
to be adulterated and in 1908 out of 150 samples examined 
only a single lot was found to be adulterated. This shows 
the influence of federal inspection. 
A writer in the Rural New Yorker of 
INFLUENCE recent date, refers to a peculiar experience 
OF STOCK in growing Baldwin apples. He pur- 
ON CION. chased two lots of Baldwins from dif¬ 
ferent nurserymen in Western New York. 
They were set on the same soil, given the same treatment. 
One lot of trees grew very thriftily while the other made 
very slow and indifferent growth. He wonders what was 
the cause and assumes that in one case he secured trees on a 
dwarf stock and in the other on standard stock. Of course 
there is little probability that the Baldwins were on regular 
dwarf stock for this stock differs materially from the stock of 
commerce and is so much more expensive that a nursery 
man would not be at all likely to select it, or get it by 
mistake. On the other hand we have two classes of stock, 
namely that which is grown in this country either from seed 
produced abroad or from seed secured in New England; and 
then we have the stock which is grown in France and im¬ 
ported direct. If we use French seed there should be no 
difference in the product. If, however, the stock is grown 
from New England apple seed which is collected by the 
cider mills where the fruit of seedlings and poor grades of 
named varieties comes, there might be considerable dif¬ 
ference in the character of this stock and the European. We 
do not anticipate, however, that the difference is sufficient to 
cause any material variation in growth of the cion placed 
upon it. In the case of the lot which has grown so poorly, 
we would be more inclined to examine the conditions under 
which it was originally grown with a view of ascertaining its 
freedom from disease or vigor as affected by climatic condi¬ 
tions. However, the question opens up a rather interesting 
field for experiment. 
It is interesting to find that the common 
downy mildew of gooseberry is known in 
England by the name of “American” 
Gooseberry Mildew. It has become in 
recent years a very serious enemy of 
gooseberry culture and growers are much worried over the 
possibility of it spreading to such an extent that goose¬ 
berry culture as it was practiced in olden times may become 
a thing of the past. The English Department of Agri¬ 
culture is advocating the severe pruning of the bushes while 
the growers are endeavoring to find the best system of sani¬ 
tation. Inspectors visit the plantations from time to time 
and make recommendations for the control of the disease 
but even these precautions seem to be unavailing. The 
following recommendations are made by a prominent 
English gooseberry grower and emphasize the apparent 
gravity of the situation. 
“1. Every grower of gooseberries, whether he has the 
American gooseberry mildew or not, shall during the month 
of May in each year thoroughly spray his bushes with sulphide 
of potassium or other approved spray fluid. 2. Every 
GOOSEBERRY 
MILDEW IN 
ENGLAND. 
grower shall also spray again when the fruit is gathered or so 
soon as mildew appears on the points of the shoots. 3. All 
bushes that are found to be affected shall have the points of 
the shoots pruned off and be sprayed again at once. 4. All 
shoots cut off shall be at once put into pails in which either 
paraffin and water or carbolic acid and water shall have 
been first put, to a depth of 3 inches or so, the collected shoots 
to be afterwards burned. 5. The grower shall do all this 
work to the satisfaction of the Board of Agriculture’s 
or the County Council’s inspectors. 6. A grower shall 
mean every commercial fruit grower, every amateur and 
gentleman, and every cottage gardener who grows goose¬ 
berries. 7. Every grower who fails to carry out the 
instructions as above detailed shall be liable to a fine of ^20 
for first offence and ^50 for second. Imprisonment with¬ 
out option of a fine should follow a third or further convic¬ 
tion.” 
Hmong the Sxpmment Station 
(ilorkers. 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
YEAR BOOK FOR 1907. 
This volume is made up of a number of papers on subjects of im¬ 
portance and interest to farmers and fruit growers. These papers 
should represent the latest developments of the subject of which 
they treat. There are interesting articles in this, for instance on the 
Improvement of Plants by Selection and Breeding, on Promising 
New Fruits, on the Details of the Enforcement of the Food and 
Drugs Act, on the Rabbit as a Farm and Orchard Pest, the Status of 
the American Lemon Industry, on Irrigation, on the Weather, Dry 
Land Farming and many other subjects all more or less related to 
the agricultural industries. Many of these papers are subsequently 
reprinted as separates and are distributed. There are printed of 
this volume 110,000 copies for the use of the Senate, 360,000 copies 
for the use of the House of Representatives and 30,000 for the use of 
the Department of Agriculture. Many farmers obtain it through 
their congressional representatives. It may also be obtained direct 
from the office of publication. 
Gentlemen: 
Many thanks for the answering of the questions as they were of 
quite considerable moment to us. We have already found the 
Nurseryman of the greatest value, every issue has saved us the 
price of a year’s subscription. 
Tyler Bros. Nursery Co. 
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